2024-03-28T22:45:49Zhttp://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/157662016-02-14T11:38:17Zcom_1773_15620com_1773_3774col_1773_15621
2010-04-21T15:54:59Z
urn:hdl:1773/15766
Post-exposure prophylaxis for SIV revisited: Animal model for HIV prevention
Emau, Peter
Jiang, Yonghou
Agy, Michael B.
Tian, Baoping
Bekele, Girma
Tsai, Che-Chung
Background: A 4-week, uninterrupted treatment with 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA, commonly called tenofovir) completely prevents simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmne) infection in cynomolgus macaques if treatment begins within 24 hours after SIVmne inoculation, but is less effective if treatment is delayed or duration of treatment is shortened. Critical factors for efficacy include timing
and duration of treatment, potency of antiretroviral drug and a contribution from antiviral immune responses. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of one or more treatment interruptions plus SIVmne reexposures on efficacy of PMPA treatment to prevent SIVmne infection in cynomolgus macaques. We also
evaluated whether macaques with pre-existing SIV immune responses show increased efficacy of treatment. Eight PMPA-treated, virus-negative and seronegative macaques, and five PMPA-treated, virusnegative but weakly or strongly seropositive macaques were re-inoculated with SIVmne and treated with
PMPA starting 24 hr post inoculation. Thereafter, they received either a 5-week treatment involving one interruption plus one SIVmne challenge or a 10-week treatment involving six interruptions plus six SIVmne challenges early during treatment. Parameters measured were plasma SIV RNA, SIV-antibody response,
CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets and in vivo CD8+ cell-suppression of virus infection.
Results: All seronegative macaques developed persistent antibody response beginning 4 to 8 weeks after stopping PMPA-treatment in absence of viremia in a majority of macaques and coinciding with onset of intermittent viremia in other macaques. In contrast, all weakly or strongly seropositive macaques showed
immediate increase in titers (> 1600) of SIV antibodies, even before the end of PMPA-treatment, and in absence of detectable viremia. However, in vivo CD8+ -cell depletion revealed CD8 cell-suppression of
viremia and persistence of virus in the macaques as long as 2 years after PMPA-treatment, even in aviremic macaques. Unlike untreated macaques, a treated macaque controlled viral replication and blocked CD4+ T cell depletion when challenged with a heterologus chimeric SIV/HIV-1 virus called SHIV89.6P.
Conclusion: A single interruption plus one SIVmne challenge was as sufficient as six interruptions plus six SIVmne challenges in reducing efficacy of PMPA, but results in long-term persistence of virus infection
suppressed by CD8+ cells. Efficacy of PMPA treatment was highest in macaques with pre-existing SIV immune responses.
2010-04-21T15:54:59Z
2010-04-21T15:54:59Z
2006
Article
Emau P, Jiang Y, Agy M, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis for SIV revisited: Animal model for HIV prevention. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2006;3(1):29.
10.1186/1742-6405-3-29
http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/3/1/29
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15766
en_US