2024-03-28T12:46:31Zhttp://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace-oai/requestoai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/157402016-02-14T11:37:50Zcom_1773_15630com_1773_3774col_1773_15631
Linking the oceans to public health: current efforts and future directions
Kite-Powell, Hauke L.
Fleming, Lora E.
Backer, Lorraine C.
Faustman, Elaine M.
Hoagland, Porter
Tsuchiya, Ami
Younglove, Lisa R.
Wilcox, Bruce A.
Gast, Rebecca J.
We review the major linkages between the oceans and public health, focusing on exposures and potential health effects due to anthropogenic and natural factors including: harmful algal blooms, microbes, and chemical pollutants in the oceans; consumption of seafood; and flooding events. We summarize briefly the current state of knowledge about public health effects and their economic consequences; and we discuss priorities for future research. We find that:
- There are numerous connections between the oceans, human activities, and human health that result in both positive and negative exposures and health effects (risks and benefits); and the study of these connections comprises a new interdisciplinary area, "oceans and human health."
- The state of present knowledge about the linkages between oceans and public health varies. Some risks, such as the acute health effects caused by toxins associated with shellfish poisoning and red
tide, are relatively well understood. Other risks, such as those posed by chronic exposure to many anthropogenic chemicals, pathogens, and naturally occurring toxins in coastal waters, are less well quantified. Even where there is a good understanding of the mechanism for health effects, good epidemiological data are often lacking. Solid data on economic and social consequences of these
linkages are also lacking in most cases.
- The design of management measures to address these risks must take into account the complexities of human response to warnings and other guidance, and the economic tradeoffs among different risks and benefits. Future research in oceans and human health to address public
health risks associated with marine pathogens and toxins, and with marine dimensions of global change, should include epidemiological, behavioral, and economic components to ensure that
resulting management measures incorporate effective economic and risk/benefit tradeoffs.
2010-04-21
2010-04-21
2008
Article
Kite-Powell H, Fleming L, Backer L, et al. Linking the oceans to public health: current efforts and future directions. Environmental Health. 2008;7(Suppl 2):S6.
10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S6
http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/S2/S6
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15740
en_US
oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/157902016-02-14T11:38:41Zcom_1773_15630com_1773_3774col_1773_15631
The coastal environment and human health: microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and reservoirs
Stewart, Jill R.
Gast, Rebecca J.
Fujioka, Roger S.
Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.
Meschke, Scott
Amaral-Zeettler, Linda A.
del Castillo, Erika
Polz, Martin F.
Collier, Tracy K.
Strom, Mark S.
Sinigalliano, Christopher D.
Moeller, Peter D. R.
Holland, A. Fredrick
Innovative research relating oceans and human health is advancing our understanding of diseasecausing
organisms in coastal ecosystems. Novel techniques are elucidating the loading, transport and fate of pathogens in coastal ecosystems, and identifying sources of contamination. This research is facilitating improved risk assessments for seafood consumers and those who use the oceans for recreation. A number of challenges still remain and define future directions of research and public policy. Sample processing and molecular detection techniques need to be advanced to allow rapid and specific identification of microbes of public health concern from complex environmental samples. Water quality standards need to be updated to more accurately reflect health risks and
to provide managers with improved tools for decision-making. Greater discrimination of virulent versus harmless microbes is needed to identify environmental reservoirs of pathogens and factors leading to human infections. Investigations must include examination of microbial community dynamics that may be important from a human health perspective. Further research is needed to
evaluate the ecology of non-enteric water-transmitted diseases. Sentinels should also be established and monitored, providing early warning of dangers to ecosystem health. Taken together, this effort will provide more reliable information about public health risks associated with beaches and seafood consumption, and how human activities can affect their exposure to diseasecausing
organisms from the oceans.
2010-04-21
2010-04-21
2008
Article
Stewart J, Gast R, Fujioka R, et al. The coastal environment and human health: microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and reservoirs. Environmental Health. 2008;7(Suppl 2):S3.
10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S
http://www.ehjournal.net/content/7/S2/S3
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15790
en_US
oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/418682018-06-07T21:08:50Zcom_1773_15630com_1773_3774col_1773_15631
FIELD MANUAL For Data Collectors at the facility level
Stover, Bert
Lubega, Flavia
Namubiru, Aidah
Bakengesa, Evelyn
Luboga, Samuel Abimerech
Makumbi, Frederick
Kiwanuka, Noah
Ndizihiwe, Assay
Mukooyo, Eddie
Hurley, Erin
Lim, Travis
Borse Nagesh
Bernhardt, James
Wood, Angela
Sheppard, Lianne
Barnhart, Scott
Hagopian, Amy
Uganda Ministry of Health
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Makerere University
The US Government’s PEPFAR program has invested more than $30 billion in the care,
treatment and prevention of HIV AIDS. While many studies show benefit in controlling the
epidemic, HIV / AIDS is but one of many illnesses that make up the total burden of illness in
these countries. There are few studies that have looked at whether this large sum of money
has benefited or harmed other aspects of the health system. For example, has the focus on
HIV AIDS allowed for much of the health worker training to “spill over” and benefit patients
with other diseases? Or, has the massive investment lead to a shifting of health care workers
away from care of patients with non-HIV diseases. There are some key questions that are
important in understanding how rapid scale-up of HIV services affect non-targeted services
and the health system at different levels in Uganda.
2018-05-14
2018-05-14
2012-04-23
Learning Object
Technical Report
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41868
en_US
Journal of Research Practice
Volume 14, Issue 1, Article M1, 2018
Main Article:
Conducting a Large Public Health Data Collection Project in Uganda: Methods, Tools, and Lessons Learned
oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/437902019-06-20T22:14:07Zcom_1773_15630com_1773_3774col_1773_15631
Dynamics of a hippocampal neuronal ensemble encoding trace fear memory revealed by in vivo Ca2+ imaging
Zhang, Liang
Chen, Xuanmao
Sindreu, Carlos
Lu, Song
Storm, Daniel R.
Zweifel, Larry S.
Xia, Zhengui
Data Set to support published research.
Although the biochemical signaling events in area CA1 of the hippocampus underlying memory acquisition, consolidation, retrieval, and extinction have been extensively studied, little is known about the activity dynamics of hippocampal neurons in CA1 during Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we use fiber-optic confocal microscopy coupled with the calcium indicator GCaMP6m to monitor neuron activity in freely moving mice during trace fear conditioning. We show that the activity of a group of CA1 neurons increases not only after the stimulus presentations, but also during the stimulus-free trace period when the conditioned mice exhibit a high level of freezing behavior. Therefore, we designate these cells “trace cells”. Interestingly, the activity of the trace cells increases in response to the conditioned stimuli during memory retrieval but diminishes during memory extinction. Importantly, the dynamics of neuron activity exhibit a high degree of correlation with the freezing behavior of the mice, suggesting that a neuronal ensemble responsible for encoding the trace fear memory is repeatedly reactivated during memory retrieval and later extinguished during memory extinction.
2019-06-20
2019-06-20
2019-06-10
Dataset
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43790
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
Attribution 3.0 United States