Browsing by Subject "Immunology"
Now showing items 21-40 of 220
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BCR and co-receptor crosstalk regulates B cell positive selection in autoimmunity
A common genetic variant in the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22-C1858T) has been linked to a wide range of autoimmune disorders. Although a B cell-intrinsic role in promoting ... -
Beta2 Integrins Inhibit TLR Responses by Reducing NF-kappaB Pathway Activation
(2012-09-13)Although originally considered to be the archetypal cell activation pathway, signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) are known to be inhibitory and have recently been appreciated to cross-regulate ... -
Biological signatures of infectious disease resistance: Deciphering immunological mechanisms of resistance to tuberculosis (TB) by combining host genetics and immuno-transcriptomics
Understanding the biological signatures for resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in a unique group termed resisters (RSTR) is crucial. Despite extensive exposure to the pathogen, these individuals remain uninfected, ... -
Biology of embryo-derived Kupffer cells
Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident macrophages of the liver, and play a key role in innate immune sensing, and maintaining steady state. KCs are originated from embryonic precursors, or from bone marrow monocytes. In ... -
Building isotype-optimized pathogen-specific mAbs from memory B cells
Emerging viruses and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are major threats to human health. Despite well-established benefits of the passive transfer of immunity in animal models, engineered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have ... -
Cannabis Allergy in Occupationally Exposed Cannabis Workers, Recreational Users and Non-Users
Introduction: The expansion of the U.S. cannabis industry has created thousands of new jobs in cultivation, processing and distribution. While little is known about occupational hazards in the Cannabis industry, pilot ... -
CAR-EBD: Modular Polypeptide Devices for the Small Molecule Regulation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell Activity
The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies holds immense promise for the future of cancer treatment. However, the vast majority of current CAR T cell therapies are self-guided, relying on endogenous ... -
Characterization of molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity
The NLRP3 protein is a key initiator of inflammation in humans. NLRP3 becomes activated by a multitude of danger signals, including microbial infection, metabolic dysfunction, and cell-internalized particulates. Upon ... -
Characterization of the Group B Streptococcus Hemolysin and its Role in Intrauterine Infection
Intrauterine infection and inflammation are a major cause of perinatal morbidity, including preterm birth. A pathogen associated with intrauterine infection, preterm birth, and perinatal disease is Streptococcus agalactiae, ... -
Characterization of the role of viral sensing and migratory capacity in regulatory T cells after neurotropic viral infection
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are recognized as suppressors of autoimmunity, yet Tregs also play an important although variable role in the development of an immune response to infection. The mechanism of Treg sensing of ... -
Characterization of Thiomuscimol: A Novel Small Molecule Pyroptosis Inhibitor
Pyroptosis, a form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death mediated by caspase- 1 and dependent on gasdermin D, is a crucial element of the innate immune response. Pyroptosis arises from activation of sensor proteins ... -
Characterizing and modulating the canine T-cell costimulatory molecules CTLA-4 and CD28
Current treatments for graft versus host disease, a major side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, have serious harmful side effects. The complexity of the cellular mechanisms leading to effector T-cell ... -
Characterizing the Dynamics of the Type I Interferon Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Identify ISGs that Serve as Possible Antiviral Restriction Factors
Previous work has implicated a dysregulated IFN signaling pathway in severe cases of COVID-19 and found that treatment of IFNs in severe patients can decrease viral load. Here, we characterize the response to type I ... -
Characterizing the neutralizing antibody responses of HIV-1 superinfected individuals
Eliciting a neutralizing antibody (Nab) response that is protective against diverse HIV-1 variants presents a major challenge to vaccine development. The identification of broad, cross-reactive Nabs from HIV-infected ... -
Checks and Balances: Transcriptional Regulation of Myeloid Innate Immunity and Dendritic Cell Maturation
Antigen presenting cells such as myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are key sentinels of the innate immune system. In response to pathogen recognition and innate immune stimulation, DCs transition from an immature, inactive ... -
Computational design of interleukin-2 mimetics
Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that plays a central role in immune system homeostasis, exerting paradoxical immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory effects based on its interactions with various receptor subunits differentially ... -
Conditional Disruption of Hem-1 Results in Impaired B Cell Development and Aberrant Antibody Production
Hematopoietic protein-1 is a hematopoietic cell specific member of the actin-regulatory WAVE complex, which acts downstream of multiple immune receptors to stimulate F-actin polymerization. Loss-of-function mutations in ... -
Conditional Disruption of Hem-1 Results in Impaired Development of Alveolar Macrophages, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, and Increased Susceptibility to Influenza Virus Infection
Hematopoietic protein-1 is a hematopoietic cell specific member of the actin-regulatory WAVE (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome verprolin-homologous protein) complex 2, which acts downstream of many immune receptors and activated ... -
Contending with the Challenges of HIV Genetic Diversity: The Role of Epitope Variant Recognition in Immune Control of HIV
(2014-02-24)Despite over 30 years of intensive research, the development of an effective HIV vaccine has remained elusive. One of the most significant challenges in designing an HIV vaccine is contending with the extensive sequence ... -
Control of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by nanoparticles and applications in cancer therapy
(2014-04-30)Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs 3 and 9 are expressed in endosomal and lysosomal compartments and recognize nucleic acids. The activation of ...