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Browsing Epidemiology by Title
Now showing items 189-208 of 719
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Dietary Sources of Melamine Exposure Among Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004)
Background: Melamine is an industrially synthesized commercial chemical present in animal feed, pesticides, and fertilizers. High levels of melamine exposure due to historical food adulteration events have led to acute ... -
Differences by Latino and White MSM in HIV-Related Stigma in Seattle, WA
Background: Despite advances in the care and treatment of people living with HIV infection, HIV-related stigma remains a challenge to HIV testing, care, and prevention. HIV disproportionately affects Latino men who have ... -
Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race and Ethnicity Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study
Background. Over 80% of bias motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our aim was to determine the risk and health impacts ... -
Difficulty Walking and Contraceptive Use among Reproductive Aged Women: The 2019 CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Background: A disproportionate number of physically disabled women face barriers to timely and appropriate reproductive healthcare. Yet, little is known about the relationships between functional limitations and contraceptive ... -
Disease Progression in Relation to Parity among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often experience amelioration during pregnancy followed by a flare-up postpartum, but the relationship of pregnancy and childbirth to RA prognosis is unclear. We examined whether parity ... -
Disparities in Socioeconomic Status and Access to Lung Transplantation in Cystic Fibrosis
(2012-09-13)Context: Patients with Medicaid experience persistent health disparities for a wide range of diseases and treatments in the United States compared to those without Medicaid, but disparities with respect to access to lung ... -
Distress in parents of children with advanced cancer enrolled in the PediQUEST Study
(2012-09-13)Purpose: Psychological distress (PD) in a parent may have an effect on their children and other members of their family. We sought to describe the prevalence and predictors of PD among parents of children with advanced ... -
Does Racial Residential Segregation Influence Smoking Behaviors? The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Background and Objectives:Tobacco cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Racial residential segregation (RRS) in American cities may be contributing to high ... -
Does the effect of periodic presumptive treatment with oral metronidazole and fluconazole on the incidence of vaginal infections and Lactobacillus colonization depend on baseline vaginal infection status?
(2013-11-14)Background: Vaginal infections are common, and associated with adverse health outcomes. Periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) is an effective intervention for preventing these infections. The PPT effect could be improved ... -
Does the union make us strong? Labor unions, health, and health inequities in the United States
Recently, life expectancy in the U.S. has stagnated or declined for the poor and working classes and risen for the middle and upper classes. Declining labor union density – the percent of workers belonging to labor unions ... -
Donor Specific Antibody Surveillance and Graft Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Introduction: The development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) has been associated with rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation, and DSA screening is now recommended in all kidney transplant recipients. ... -
Dynamic patterns of contraceptive use among Kenyan women
INTRODUCTION: Access to voluntary family planning (FP) programs is essential to support women in achieving their reproductive goals, and has a myriad of benefits for maternal, newborn, and child health and women’s economic, ... -
Early childhood diarrhea and growth among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya
Background: Diarrhea and poor linear growth are leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in low- and middle- income countries. While global childhood mortality has been significantly reduced in the past decades, ... -
Early Cumulative Fluid Balance and Outcomes in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Acute Respiratory Failure
Objectives: To evaluate the associations between early cumulative fluid balance (CFB) and outcomes among critically ill pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients with acute respiratory failure, ... -
Early diagnosis in infants born to HIV-positive adolescent compared to adult mothers in Kisumu, Kenya
Although many countries have made great efforts to establish prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services, globally 160,000 children are newly infected with HIV each year. Early infant diagnosis (EID) ... -
Early Management of Community-Acquired Sepsis in a Regional Thai Referral Hospital: a Prospective Observational Study
Purpose: The epidemiology and management of sepsis is poorly characterized in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We performed a prospective observational cohort study of adults with community-acquired sepsis in a ... -
Early Pregnancy Maternal Vitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Mood or Anxiety Disorders, and Preeclampsia
(2013-07-25)Background: Previous studies examining associations of maternal vitamin D (Vit-D) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), mood or anxiety disorders (MAD), and preeclampsia (PE) risk reported inconsistent findings. Whether ... -
Earned income tax credit policy and unhealthy alcohol use: A difference-in-differences analysis of U.S. states, 2001-2019
Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is a major contributor to chronic diseases and mortality in the United States. There is variation in generosity of state Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) which supplements the federal EITC, ... -
Effect modification of the alcohol – colorectal cancer association
Introduction: Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, while studies have consistently reported elevated risk of CRC among heavy drinkers, associations at moderate levels of ... -
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Individuals
BACKGROUND: Even with successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection is still accompanied by ongoing chronic immune activation and inflammation that may impact ART-mediated immune reconstitution. The mechanisms of ...