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Effects of GLT-1 loss on central nervous system insulin signaling and implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) by glutamate transporters allows for the fine balance between tightly regulated signaling and prevention of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. In forebrain regions, glutamate is essential for cognition along with regulation of metabolism. The ...
Mechanisms of Opioid Receptor Desensitization
Agonists targeting MOR are effective analgesics, but their clinical use is hindered by side effects, including tolerance and addiction. KOR agonists also produce analgesia, but clinical use of these compounds has remained minimal due to aversive properties in humans. The µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, morphine and fentanyl, ...
The AKAP220 signaling complex regulates renal aquaporin-2 localization
A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) localize signaling molecules such as kinases and phosphatases in close proximity to their substrates to control the scope and duration of second messenger responses. AKAP220 is a ubiquitously expressed, 220-kilodalton protein that anchors protein kinase A (PKA), glycogen synthase kinase 3β ...
Regulation of SLIT-Robo Signaling by Scaffolding Proteins
Axon guidance receptors in the growth cone respond to secreted molecular cues, directing axons towards their appropriate targets of innervation. Many of these receptors complex with scaffolding proteins which recruit protein kinases and protein phosphatases to control the efficacy, context, and duration of neuronal phosphorylation ...
Regulation of two subfamilies of adenylyl cyclase by Gi-coupled receptors: a possible role during cAMP-dependent synaptic plasticity in the Hippocampus
(1997)
Adenylyl cyclases catalyze the synthesis of cAMP from ATP. Coupling of intracellular Ca$\sp{2+}$ to cAMP increases may be important for some forms of synaptic plasticity. The type 1 adenylyl cyclase (AC1) is a neural specific, Ca$\sp{2+}$-stimulated enzyme that couples intracellular Ca$\sp{2+}$ to cAMP increases. Here, I ...
Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Regulates Regeneration in Diverse Tissues of the Zebrafish
The ability to regenerate tissue after injury is limited by species, tissue type, and age of the organism. Understanding the mechanisms of endogenous regeneration provides greater insight into this remarkable biological process while also offering up potential therapeutic targets for promoting regeneration in humans. The ...
Presynaptic Anchoring of PKA by AKAP7 is Required for Pattern Separation by Dentate Gyrus
The intracellular signaling molecule, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is produced by a cell in response to a physiological signal. A derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclases (ACs) localized either to the plasma membrane (insoluble) or cytosol (soluble) and degraded by ...
Role for cell-to-cell communication in stem cell specification toward pancreatic progenitors: relevance to the design of novel therapies for diabetes.
University of Washington Abstract Role for cell-to-cell communication in stem cell specification toward pancreatic progenitors: relevance to the design of novel therapies for diabetes. Wendy Yang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Vincenzo Cirulli Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition Pancreatic islets of Langerhans, responsible ...
A comprehensive analysis of sexual dimorphism in the midbrain dopamine system
The dopamine system is widely thought to play a role in many crucial behaviors, including reward association, motivation, and addiction. Additionally, dopamine is also linked to multiple diseases, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. What is striking about these diseases is they ...
Discovery of novel TAF1 DNA binding domains in TFIID promoter recognition and gene transcription
The central dogma of biology describes the basic flow of genetic information starting from DNA, which is converted to message RNA, then into functional proteins. This classical view provides a framework for how a cell can respond to its environment through changes in gene expression. While advances in DNA sequencing technology ...