Dadic, R., P. C. Mullen,M. Schneebeli, R. E. Brandt, and S. G.Warren (2013), Effects of bubbles, cracks, and volcanic tephra on the spectral albedo of bare ice near the Transantarctic Mountains: Implications for sea glaciers on Snowball Earth, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrf.20098 Figure 12. Absorption spectrum of volcanic ash. Five near-surface ice core samples were melted and filtered; the filters were weighed. The particulate absorption was measured on the integrating sphere- sandwich (ISSW) spectrophotometer [Grenfell et al., 2011]. (a) Mass absorption cross section (MAC) versus wavelength for the five samples, as well as the average of all five. (b) The average spectrum from Figure 12a (red circles) is extrapolated to shorter and longer wavelengths (blue line) for use in the radiative transfer modeling. The extrapolation assumes that log(MAC) is linear in log(lambda). Mass Absorption Cross Section - (m^2/g) wavelength (microns), MACS 0.3500 0.4000 0.3747 0.2841 0.3995 0.2062 0.4242 0.1563 0.4490 0.1170 0.4737 0.0930 0.4985 0.0792 0.5232 0.0687 0.5480 0.0603 0.5727 0.0531 0.5975 0.0473 0.6222 0.0436 0.6470 0.0402 0.6717 0.0358 0.6965 0.0319 0.7212 0.0289 0.7460 0.0277 0.7707 0.0257 0.7955 0.0241 0.8202 0.0227 0.8449 0.0214 0.8697 0.0201 0.8944 0.0190 0.9192 0.0180 0.9439 0.0170 0.9687 0.0162 0.9934 0.0154 1.0182 0.0146 1.0429 0.0139 1.0677 0.0133 1.0924 0.0127 1.1172 0.0121 1.1419 0.0116 1.1667 0.0111 1.1914 0.0106 1.2162 0.0102 1.2409 0.0098 1.2657 0.0094 1.2904 0.0090 1.3152 0.0087 1.3399 0.0084 1.3646 0.0081 1.3894 0.0078 1.4141 0.0075 1.4389 0.0072 1.4636 0.0070 1.4884 0.0068 1.5131 0.0065 1.5379 0.0063 1.5626 0.0061 1.5874 0.0059 1.6121 0.0057 1.6369 0.0056 1.6616 0.0054 1.6864 0.0052 1.7111 0.0051 1.7359 0.0049 1.7606 0.0048 1.7854 0.0047 1.8101 0.0045 1.8348 0.0044 1.8596 0.0043 1.8843 0.0042 1.9091 0.0041 1.9338 0.0040 1.9586 0.0039 1.9833 0.0038 2.0081 0.0037 2.0328 0.0036 2.0576 0.0035 2.0823 0.0034 2.1071 0.0033 2.1318 0.0033 2.1566 0.0032 2.1813 0.0031 2.2061 0.0030 2.2308 0.0030 2.2556 0.0029 2.2803 0.0028 2.3051 0.0028 2.3298 0.0027 2.3545 0.0027 2.3793 0.0026 2.4040 0.0025 2.4288 0.0025 2.4535 0.0024 2.4783 0.0024 2.5030 0.0023 2.5278 0.0023 2.5525 0.0023 2.5773 0.0022 2.6020 0.0022 2.6268 0.0021 2.6515 0.0021 2.6763 0.0020 2.7010 0.0020 2.7258 0.0020 2.7505 0.0019 2.7753 0.0019 2.8000 0.0019