<bold>Background:</bold> A full time child-care program is expected to provide at least one-half to two-thirds of a child's daily nutrient requirements. As such, child-care settings have been acknowledged as an important setting for the assurance of children's nutrition and for the prevention of childhood obesity. It has ...

Purpose: To determine if enjoyment of cafeteria meals varies by sex, grade-level, school-level socioeconomic status (SES) and reported use of nutrition information in restaurants. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from cafeteria surveys and focus groups conducted in six secondary schools as part of the ...

Aerobic fitness is an important measure of physical fitness and has been shown to affect academic achievement in youth. We hypothesized that aerobic fitness was positively associated with standardized test scores, independent of demographic and medical factors. Further, we hypothesized that the academic risk score, an aggregate ...

Background: Nutrition labeling interventions are proposed to improve adolescent food consumption patterns. However, little is known about tailoring these interventions to specific audiences. Objective: This study investigated the associations among students' grade level and sex, as well as the proportion of students eligible ...

Levels of parenting stress in parents/caregivers of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) and factors associated with stress levels were evaluated, using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, in this study. Participants were parents and children with PKU who attend the University of Washington PKU Clinic in Seattle, Washington. ...

The studies described in this dissertation focus on clinical and biologic factors associated with increased HIV-1 infectiousness among heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. The specific aims include 1) evaluating whether specific characteristics of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples could be used to defined a higher-risk ...

Background: Vaginal infections are common, and associated with adverse health outcomes. Periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) is an effective intervention for preventing these infections. The PPT effect could be improved if it were restricted to women most likely to benefit from it. Methods: We conducted a subgroup analysis ...

Purpose: To assess dental caries by the level (prevalence) and the degree (mean dmfs) of the disease, as well as to investigate which factors regarding parents' behaviors related to oral health, oral hygiene and diet may be associated with dental caries among low-income urban preschoolers in Seattle. Methods: Children (n=155) ...

Mediation analysis is important in understanding the mechanisms of one variable causing changes in another. Measurement error could be obscuring the ability of the potential mediator to explain this mechanism. Existing correction methods in mediation analysis literature are not directly applicable to failure time data. This ...

Background: Cardiovascular disease is an increasing concern in Nicaragua and a growing number of organizations are working to confront it. Health needs assessments focusing on cardiovascular disease are a recommended first step in community-level work. In 2012, two non-governmental organizations, Salud Juntos and AMOS Health, ...