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The impact of depression on patient outcomes among older adults with lung cancer
Background: Depression is a common malady among older adults, and as the incidence of cancer increases with age, older adults may be living with both cancer and depression. Previous studies have assessed the impact of depression on patient outcomes when depression is measured around the time of a cancer diagnosis or during ...
Value Assessment of Orphan Drugs and Treatments for Rare Diseases
OBJECTIVES: In 1983 the US Orphan Drug Act was passed to facilitate commercialization of drugs to treat rare diseases. The market value for orphan drugs in the US reached $90 billion annually in 2014, with worldwide sales forecast at $176 billion. Payers and policymakers need robust methodology for evaluation of health ...
Characterizing Healthcare Utilization, Direct Costs, and Comorbidities Associated with Interstitial Cystitis: A Retrospective Claims Analysis
Introduction Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a debilitating condition that affects up to five percent of the United States (US) population.1 The condition is characterized by bladder pain, urinary urgency and frequency, and in some patients, bladder lesions called Hunner’s Lesions (HL). Patients with HL experience a clinical ...
A Benefit-Risk Assessment Framework for Development of Clinical Guidelines in Diagnostic Radiology
Background The body of this dissertation focuses on benefit-risk assessment in diagnostic radiology guideline development. We look specifically at structuring and making more transparent the role of expert consensus in evidence-based practice guidelines like those developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR). While ...
Does Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Have a Role in US Managed Care Drug Formularies? An Empirical Study of Utilization, Costs, Outcomes, and Elasticity of Demand of a Value-Based Formulary
The standard economic model for health insurance posits that in order to account for moral hazard in a population for which there is varying marginal benefit of treatment that is unknown to the insurer, cost-sharing should be proportional to the price elasticity of demand. Yet, many have observed that when faced with cost-sharing, ...
Total and Disease Specific Resource Use and Healthcare Cost of Patients with Glaucoma
<bold>Introduction</bold> Glaucoma is an irreversible, progressive, optic neuropathy. Left unmanaged, glaucoma can lead to blindness. Open angle glaucoma is the most common type, and primary (idiopathic) open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common sub-type. POAG was estimated to affect almost 3 million Americans in 2010. ...
Assessing the Availability, Service Quality, and Price of Essential Medicines in Private Pharmacies in Afghanistan
Background: Globally, medicines remain inaccessible and unaffordable in low and middle-income countries, where national medicines regulatory authorities are often weak. In Afghanistan, the Ministry of Public Health strives to develop pharmaceutical systems to ensure people's access to health care. However, the private pharmacy ...
Assessing the Societal Burden of Glaucoma Patients With vs. Without Physical or Mental Comorbidities.
Background: Glaucoma is a collection of eye diseases that damage the eye’s optic nerve resulting in vision loss and blindness. Treatment for glaucoma is primarily pharmacologic, however, adherence issues with topical medications are problematic. Patients with select comorbid conditions that impact physical or mental function ...
The Value of Performance-Based Risk Sharing Arrangements in the United States: A Case Study of First-Line Pembrolizumab Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the health and financial implications of implementing a PBRSA along with lower patient cost sharing for two distinct PBRSAs in a case study of first-line pembrolizumab (PEMB) therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS: We evaluated two distinct PBRSAs based on ...
Demand for medical male circumcision for HIV prevention: the influence of economic and psychological factors and their policy implications
Background: Male Circumcision (MMC) of adolescent boys and men is an effective and potentially cost-effective intervention for the prevention of HIV. Most high HIV burden, low MMC prevalence countries in sub-Saharan Africa have fallen short of WHO/UNAIDS targets for the uptake of MMC for 2016, despite significant demand ...