Browsing Atmospheric sciences by Title
Now showing items 139-158 of 301
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Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Mesoscale Organization: Identification, Influencing Factors, and Lagrangian Evolution
Marine low clouds are an important feature of the climate system, cooling the planet due to their high albedo and warm temperatures. They display a variety of different mesoscale organizations, which are tied to the varying ... -
Markov model studies of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(1999)Aspects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation are investigated using statistical models derived from observational data sets of surface and subsurface temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Topics examined include: the ... -
Measuring Kinematic Forcing on Snowbands in Midlatitude Winter Cyclones
Doppler velocity retrievals from airborne radar can be used to derive kinematic properties of the environmental wind field, including horizontal deformation and divergence. Deformation is a particularly important factor ... -
Mesoscale Predictability and Error Growth in Short Range Ensemble Forecasts
(2013-11-14)Although it was originally suggested that small-scale, unresolved errors corrupt forecasts at all scales through an inverse error cascade, some authors have proposed that those mesoscale circulations resulting from stationary ... -
Mesoscale variability and drizzle in southeast Pacific stratocumulus
(2006)Large regions of subtropical stratocumulus clouds are responsible for significant net cooling in the earth's radiative budget. Stratocumulus are maintained by a complex interaction of processes on small scales (turbulent ... -
Microphysical Mechanisms in Stratiform Precipitation as Observed in OLYMPEX
This thesis presents results from a strong, rain-producing storm that passed over the Olympic Mountains during the 2015–16 Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX). The microphysical characteristics of the stratiform component ... -
Microphysics and Southern Ocean Cloud Feedback
Global climate models (GCMs) change their cloud properties in the Southern Ocean (SO) with warming in a qualitatively consistent fashion. Cloud albedo increases in the mid-latitudes and cloud fraction decreases in the ... -
MJO-induced Warm Pool Eastward Extension Prior to the Onset of El Niño: An Observational study
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are the two most important phenomena in the Tropics that affect global weather and climate on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Although ... -
Model studies of the middle atmosphere of Venus
(1991)Zonal winds reach in excess of 100 m/s in the middle atmosphere of Venus; the cloud-level atmosphere takes little more than 4 days to complete one rotation, while the solid planet below has a 243-day rotation period. This ... -
A model study of natural variability in the Arctic climate
(1997)The arctic climate response to natural perturbations in the atmosphere is simulated with two numerical models. The first is a single-column, energy balance model of the atmosphere, sea ice, and upper-ocean system which I ... -
Modeling and observational constraints on tropospheric sulfur-halogen interactions
Sulfur and reactive halogens are key components in tropospheric chemistry and the radiation budget of the Earth. Tropospheric sulfur and halogen budgets are still not well constrained. Laboratory and modeling studies have ... -
A modeling study of self-aggregation and large-scale control of tropical deep convection
(1998)The nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State University (PSU)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model MM5 is used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the superclustering of tropical deep ... -
A modeling study of the subtropical stratocumulus-to-trade-cumulus transition
(1997)The transition from the subtropical stratocumulus-capped marine boundary layer to the trade-cumulus boundary layer is studied using numerical simulations. Model results are used to propose a new conceptual model of this ... -
A modeling study of thunderstorm electrification and lightning flash rate
(1997)Observing the range of spatial scales important in thunderstorm electrification and subsequent lightning development is huge and would be an impossible task. The charge transfer processes within clouds takes place during ... -
Modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice
(1998)Arctic sea ice may be unusually sensitive to greenhouse warming, thanks to ice-albedo feedback. Most climate models represent sea ice crudely, with each grid cell occupied by ice of uniform thickness together with open ... -
Modification of Precipitation in Mid-Latitude Cyclones Passing over a Coastal Mountain Range
As mid-latitude cyclones pass over a coastal mountain range, the processes producing their clouds and precipitation are modified, leading to considerable spatial variability in precipitation amount and composition. Surface, ... -
A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Composition and Volatility.
The guiding question to this research is: To what extent and by what mechanisms do biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute to atmospheric aerosol mass? To address this question we need to understand the chemistry ... -
Multi-year Trends in MODIS and MISR Observed Cloud Fraction over the Extratropical Oceans
Examination of cloud fraction and top of atmosphere radiation data from NASA’s MISR, MODIS, and CERES instruments reveals a pervasive temporal decline in optically thick cloud over the extratropical ocean basins during the ... -
The nature of adjoint sensitivities with respect to model parameters and their use in adaptive data assimilation
(2006)The predictability of the atmosphere depends, in part, on the accuracy of the initial states of numerical weather prediction models. Adjoints of numerical weather prediction models are used to produce initial condition ... -
Nd or not Nd? To what extent are biomass burning aerosols modulating cloud microphysics in the southeast Atlantic?
The colocation of clouds and smoke over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during the southern African biomass burning season has numerous radiative implications, including microphysical modulation of the clouds if smoke is ...