Browsing Atmospheric sciences by Title
Now showing items 203-222 of 312
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Patterns of climate variability of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation
(2004)The principal patterns of variability of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime circulation are examined. The two-dimensional phase space defined by the two leading PCs of the monthly-mean sea-level pressure ... -
The peculiar behavior of baroclinic waves during the midwinter suppression of the Pacific storm track
(2002)The midwinter suppression of the Pacific storm track is described in detail based on NCEP Reanalysis data from 1979 to 2001. The midwinter suppression is characterized by an equatorward shift and overall decrease in storm ... -
A physical model to estimate snowfall over land using microwave measurements
(2004)Falling snow is an important component of global precipitation in extratropical regions. This study describes the methodology and results of physically based retrievals of snow falling over land surfaces. Because microwave ... -
Plant Physiology Increases the Magnitude and Spread of the Transient Climate Response to CO2 in CMIP6 Earth System Models
Increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere not only influence climate through CO2’s effect as a greenhouse gas but also through its impact on plants. Plants respond to atmospheric CO2 concentrations in several ways ... -
The Precipitating Cloud Population of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Over the Indian and West Pacific Oceans
(2013-07-25)The variability of the precipitating cloud population of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is represented by statistics of echo features seen by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's Precipitation Radar over the ... -
Predictability of ENSO: optimal error growth and forecast skill
(1996)The goal of this study is to explore the short-term climate predictability of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies on the seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. The simple coupled atmosphere-ocean ... -
Predictability of idealized deep convection: Influence of error scale and amplitude in various environments
Recent work has suggested that large-scale (O(100 km)) initial errors in a numerical weather forecast may exert more control on the propagation of errors than small-scale errors potentially as small as butterflies. The ... -
Preindustrial volcanic sulfate aerosol is underestimated in the Arctic: implications for radiative forcing
The Arctic has warmed at a rate of twice the global average since 1980. An estimated sixty percent of greenhouse-gas-induced warming in the Arctic has been offset by aerosols in the past century. However, aerosols are the ... -
Probabilistic mesoscale forecast error prediction using short-range ensembles
(2004)One measure of the utility of ensemble prediction systems is the relationship between ensemble spread and forecast error. Unfortunately, this relationship is often characterized by an inadequate measure (the spread-error ... -
Processes controlling the mean tropical Pacific precipitation pattern
(2006)In this dissertation, mechanisms responsible for the climatological large-scale distribution of precipitation in the tropical Pacific are addressed, in particular the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the South ... -
Progressive Mid-latitude Afforestation: Local and Remote Climate Impacts in the Framework of Two Coupled Earth System Models
Vegetation influences the atmosphere in complex and non-linear ways, such that large- scale changes in vegetation cover can drive changes in climate on both local and global scales. Large-scale land surface changes have ... -
Quadrant distribution of tropical cyclone inner-core kinematics in relation to environmental shear
(2014-04-30)Airborne Doppler radar data collected in tropical cyclones by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft over an eight-year period (2003-2010) is used to statistically analyze the vertical structure of ... -
Quantifying the Influence of Dynamics Across Scales on Regional Climate Uncertainty in Western North America
Uncertainties in climate projections at the regional scale are inevitably larger than those for global mean quantities. Here, focusing on western North American regional climate, several approaches are taken to quantifying ... -
Quantifying the role of individual surface properties in atmospheric feedbacks and land-atmosphere interactions
The land plays a critical role in the coupled Earth System. While it is intuitive to think of the impact of climate on the vegetated land surface, it is also true that changes in land surface properties can modify climate, ... -
Radar observations of orographic precipitation
(2004)Operational Doppler radar archives provide insight into the structure and airflow within precipitating systems in two different mountain climates: the Mediterranean side of the European Alps and the coastal terrain of ... -
Radiative and Dynamic Controls on Atmospheric Heat Transport over Different Planetary Rotation Rates
Atmospheric heat transport is an important piece of our climate system, yet we lack a complete theory for its magnitude or changes. Atmospheric dynamics and radiation play different roles in controlling the total atmospheric ... -
Radiative properties of arctic clouds
(2000)Two topics are examined in this dissertation: the optical single-scattering properties of mixed-phased (i.e., supercooled water and ice) and glaciated clouds, and the possible effects of anthropogenic pollution on the ... -
Radiative properties, dynamics, and chemical evolution of the smoke from the 1991 Kuwait oil fires
(1994)The oil fields in Kuwait were the scene of a massive conflagration during much of 1991 that was started by Iraqi forces during the Gulf War. At this time, approximately 4 to 5 million barrels of oil were burning each day. ... -
Reactive Nitrogen Multiphase Chemistry and Chlorine Activation on Authentic Biomass Burning Aerosol
Biomass burning is both a major source of particulate matter and reactive nitrogen oxide radicals, yet the rate and products of the multiphase chemistry between the two has not been well studied. Nitryl chloride (ClNO$_2$), ... -
Reconciling tropospheric temperature trends from the microwave sounding unit
(2012-09-13)The University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH), Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have constructed long-term temperature records for deep atmospheric layers using ...