Browsing Atmospheric sciences by Title
Now showing items 283-301 of 301
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Ultraclean layers and optically thin clouds in the stratocumulus to cumulus transition: depletion of cloud droplets and cloud condensation nuclei through collision-coalescence
With aircraft observations, ultraclean layers (UCLs) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) are shown to be common features in the stratocumulus to cumulus (Sc-Cu) transition region. The ultraclean layers are defined as layers ... -
Understanding and Forecasting Allergenic Pollen in the United States
Pollen is a common allergen that causes significant health impacts to approximately one third of the population of the United States. Diagnosis and treatment of pollen allergies can be improved with knowledge of the airborne ... -
Understanding changes in the stratospheric circulation from observations and simulations
(2013-07-23)This study investigates the variation of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in the stratosphere on interannual and decadal timescales from both observations and numerical simulations. Lower stratospheric temperature has ... -
Understanding how uncertainty in the forcing irradiances impacts simulations of snow
Snowmelt in mountains is an important part of the water and energy cycles and provides water for 1/6th of the world's population. The downwelling irradiances are the primary drivers of this melt, however, they are rarely ... -
Understanding how uncertainty in the forcing irradiances impacts simulations of snow
Snowmelt in mountains is an important part of the water and energy cycles and provides water for 1/6th of the world's population. The downwelling irradiances are the primary drivers of this melt, however, they are rarely ... -
Understanding the limits of the seasonal prediction of sea ice in the Arctic
The Community Earth System Model’s Large Ensemble is used to test the hypothesis that spring melt pond area is a robust predictor of September sea ice minimum extent in the Arctic. Melt pond area is examined in the context ... -
Understanding the responses of precipitation, evaporative demand, and terrestrial water availability to planetary temperature in climate models
In many models of land hydrology, precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET, a.k.a. evaporative demand) are the main inputs that determine actual evapotranspiration, runoff, soil moisture, and aridity or ... -
Use of aircraft and remote sensing observations, and global-storm resolving models, to investigate mixed-phase and cold cloud processes
Recent advances in computing power have made it possible to run global atmospheric models with comprehensive physics with finer grid spacing than ever before. These models, called global storm-resolving models (GSRMs), ... -
Using ensemble data assimilation for predictability and dynamics
(2007)Atmospheric predictability depends in part on the sources and evolution of errors in numerical weather prediction models. As a consequence, it is important to initialize a model with the best estimate of the atmosphere and ... -
Using In Situ Observations from the SOCRATES Field Campaign to Evaluate Satellite Retrievals of Low Clouds over the Southern Ocean
Satellite retrievals of cloud properties have been widely used to study clouds over the Southern Ocean, but our confidence in these retrievals has been limited by a lack of verification studies due to a lack of in situ ... -
Using VOCALS REx C-130 aircraft measurements to understand aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in marine stratocumulus
The high albedo and weak greenhouse effect of marine stratocumulus provide a strong cooling effect on the regional climate. The concentrations of aerosols, particularly those large enough to act as cloud condensation nuclei, ... -
The verification and application of satellite scatterometer winds
(1996)Scatterometers are active microwave radars that provide surface wind vector observations over the global oceans. The data are especially useful in the studies of oceanic synoptic scale and meso-scale cyclones/storms, which ... -
Warm-season diurnal circulations and heat extremes over the northwest U.S.
Summer synoptic circulations over the northwest U.S., and their interactions with regional terrain, land/water contrasts, and surface heating, give rise to a variety of fascinating meteorological phenomena, many of which ... -
Wave-mean-flow interaction and the annular mode
(2003)The leading EOF of zonal-mean variability (the annular mode) represents the north/south movement of the mid-latitude jet. Analysis of the momentum budget demonstrates that EOF1 dominates over other EOFs because of a positive ... -
The West Coast Thermal Trough: Climatology, Evolution and Sensitivity to Terrain and Surface Fluxes
(2013-04-17)Although the West Coast thermal trough (WCTT) is the most important mesoscale feature over the U.S. West Coast during the warm season, its initiation, evolution, and structure are not well understood. Originating in the ... -
What can we learn from the cleanest marine boundary layers? Insights from the North Atlantic
We present a case study (September 20 – October 13, 2015) of synergistic, multi-instrument observations of aerosols, clouds and the marine boundary layer (MBL) at the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) ARM site centered on a ... -
When Will MISR Detect Rising High Clouds?
It is predicted by both theory and models that high clouds will occur higher in the atmosphere as a result of climate warming, which is expected to produce a positive longwave feedback and has a substantial impact on the ... -
Wind Waves in Sea Ice of the Western Arctic and a Global Coupled Wave-Ice Model
The retreat of Arctic sea ice is enabling increased ocean wave activity at the ice edge, yet the interactions between surface waves and sea ice are not fully understood. Here, we examine in situ observations of wave spectra ... -
Winter extreme precipitation along the North American west coast
Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events, causing flooding, landslides, extensive property damage, and loss of life. The ...