Browsing Atmospheric sciences by Title
Now showing items 140-159 of 315
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Linearity of the Climate System Response to Antarctic Topography Change
A hierarchy of general circulation models is used to investigate the linearity of the response of the global climate system to changes in Antarctic topography. Models range in complexity from an atmospheric dry dynamical ... -
Linking Soil Moisture and Summertime Surface Temperature Variability
(2014-02-24)Summertime temperature variability in the late 20th century simulations of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate models used in the IPCC assessments is much greater than the observed temperature variability -- particularly in the ... -
Local and Upscale Impacts of Airflow over Mountains: Finite-Amplitude Dynamics and Downslope Windstorm Predictability
Mountain waves are gravity waves generated by flow over terrain. The generation of these waves is significant for both their local impacts in mountainous areas, such as strong downslope winds, and their broader impacts on ... -
The local, remote, and global consequences of climate feedbacks
(2013-07-25)Climate feedbacks offer a powerful framework for revealing the energetic pathways by which the system adjusts to an imposed forcing, such as an increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. We investigate how local atmospheric ... -
The location of tropical precipitation in idealized atmospheric general circulation models forced with Andes topography and surface heat fluxes
(2014-02-24)This aquaplanet modeling study examines how ocean heat transport (OHT) and topography influence the location of tropical precipitation. Two global atmospheric general circulation models from the GFDL hierarchy of models ... -
Long-range transport of Asian pollution to North America: mechanisms, chemistry and variability
(2006)Long-range transport (LRT) of Asian pollutants affects the atmospheric composition over the North Pacific and has important implications in terms of air quality regulation in the United States. Through analysis of surface ... -
Low frequency variability and mean circulation of the tropical stratosphere from UARS data
(1997)The low frequency variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere is dominated by the semiannual (SAO) and quasi-biennial (QBO) oscillations. Although the general characteristics and forcing mechanisms of these oscillations ... -
Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Mesoscale Organization: Identification, Influencing Factors, and Lagrangian Evolution
Marine low clouds are an important feature of the climate system, cooling the planet due to their high albedo and warm temperatures. They display a variety of different mesoscale organizations, which are tied to the varying ... -
Markov model studies of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(1999)Aspects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation are investigated using statistical models derived from observational data sets of surface and subsurface temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Topics examined include: the ... -
Measuring Kinematic Forcing on Snowbands in Midlatitude Winter Cyclones
Doppler velocity retrievals from airborne radar can be used to derive kinematic properties of the environmental wind field, including horizontal deformation and divergence. Deformation is a particularly important factor ... -
Mechanisms of polar-amplified warming: understanding hemispheric and seasonal asymmetries
The Arctic has warmed four times faster than the global average in recent decades. This polar-amplified warming has wide-ranging impacts on local ecosystems and global climate, yet there is still debate over the drivers ... -
Mesoscale Predictability and Error Growth in Short Range Ensemble Forecasts
(2013-11-14)Although it was originally suggested that small-scale, unresolved errors corrupt forecasts at all scales through an inverse error cascade, some authors have proposed that those mesoscale circulations resulting from stationary ... -
Mesoscale variability and drizzle in southeast Pacific stratocumulus
(2006)Large regions of subtropical stratocumulus clouds are responsible for significant net cooling in the earth's radiative budget. Stratocumulus are maintained by a complex interaction of processes on small scales (turbulent ... -
Microphysical Mechanisms in Stratiform Precipitation as Observed in OLYMPEX
This thesis presents results from a strong, rain-producing storm that passed over the Olympic Mountains during the 2015–16 Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX). The microphysical characteristics of the stratiform component ... -
Microphysics and Southern Ocean Cloud Feedback
Global climate models (GCMs) change their cloud properties in the Southern Ocean (SO) with warming in a qualitatively consistent fashion. Cloud albedo increases in the mid-latitudes and cloud fraction decreases in the ... -
MJO-induced Warm Pool Eastward Extension Prior to the Onset of El Niño: An Observational study
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are the two most important phenomena in the Tropics that affect global weather and climate on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Although ... -
Model studies of the middle atmosphere of Venus
(1991)Zonal winds reach in excess of 100 m/s in the middle atmosphere of Venus; the cloud-level atmosphere takes little more than 4 days to complete one rotation, while the solid planet below has a 243-day rotation period. This ... -
A model study of natural variability in the Arctic climate
(1997)The arctic climate response to natural perturbations in the atmosphere is simulated with two numerical models. The first is a single-column, energy balance model of the atmosphere, sea ice, and upper-ocean system which I ... -
Modeling and observational constraints on tropospheric sulfur-halogen interactions
Sulfur and reactive halogens are key components in tropospheric chemistry and the radiation budget of the Earth. Tropospheric sulfur and halogen budgets are still not well constrained. Laboratory and modeling studies have ... -
A modeling study of self-aggregation and large-scale control of tropical deep convection
(1998)The nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State University (PSU)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model MM5 is used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the superclustering of tropical deep ...