Browsing Atmospheric sciences by Title
Now showing items 274-293 of 312
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The pattern effect and its implications for climate sensitivity
Radiative feedbacks depend on the spatial pattern of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve – the so-called pattern effect. The radiative feedbacks within atmospheric general ... -
The Promise of Sea Ice Thickness: A Data Assimilation Application for Modern Arctic Climate
The significant role of sea ice in local and global climate and human-environment interactions in a rapidly changing world, necessitates a solid understanding of its recent and future states. Future Arctic sea ice extent ... -
The QBO Dynamics and Gravity Waves Characteristics as Seen in ERA5 Reanalysis
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the primary mode of interannual variability in the tropical stratosphere. It is characterized by the downward propagation of successive westerly and easterly wind regimes with an ... -
The Regional Meteorology of California Wildfire Emissions
Large, damaging, and costly wildfires associated with unusually strong, dry winds have occurred in California recently and through its history. This thesis examines the relationship between daily wildfire emissions and the ... -
The response of sea ice and climate to non-CO2 forcing
The climate system response to forcing presents an opportunity to learn about the system and has important implications for the climate we experience. Large volcanic eruptions are an example of a phenomenon other than ... -
The role of midlatitude cyclones in the emission, transport, production, and removal of aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere
We examine the distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) across 27,707 northern hemisphere (NH) midlatitude cyclones for 2005-2018 using retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors and ... -
The Role of the Atmosphere in Marine Heatwaves
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are events of abnormally warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that last for an extended period of time. MHWs have devastating impacts on marine ecosystems and coastal economies, and thus there is ... -
The Roles of Land and Orography on Precipitation and Ocean Circulation in Global Climate Models
In this thesis, coupled and atmosphere-only global climate models are used to examine two large-scale climate asymmetries: the zonal asymmetry of tropical precipitation about the equator and the preference for sinking in ... -
The Sensitivity of Orographic Precipitation to Flow Direction: An Idealized Modeling Approach
A method is developed for forcing a full-physics, full-terrain model with an idealized, balanced atmosphere determined by an input sounding. The initialization technique is applied to investigate the sensitivity of orographic ... -
Thermally driven surface winds in the tropics
(1998)An integrated study is performed to examine the response of the atmosphere to a largescale, elevated heat source in the tropics. Special emphasis is placed on the surface winds in response to the heating.The vertical ... -
The thermodynamic and kinetic impacts of organics on marine aerosols
(2006)Organics can change the manner in which aerosols scatter radiation directly as hydrated aerosols and indirectly as in-cloud activated aerosols, through changing the solution activity, the surface tension, and the accommodation ... -
Towards an improved understanding of deep convection patterns over the tropical oceans
(2007)We quantitatively assess thermodynamic characteristics shared by deep convection over the tropical oceans, and develop a simple model to explain the observed precipitation distribution, as well as geographic variability ... -
Transient mountain waves in an evolving synoptic-scale flow and their interaction with large scales
(2005)Characteristics of transient mountain waves and their impact on the large-scale flow are examined through idealized numerical simulations during the passage of a time-evolving synoptic-scale flow over an isolated 3D mountain ... -
Tropical Anvil Clouds: Radiative Driving Towards a Preferred State
The evolution of anvil clouds detrained from deep convective systems has important implications for the tropical energy balance and is thought to be shaped by radiative heating. We use combined radar-lidar observations and ... -
Tropical climate sensitivities: clouds, water vapor, radiation and large-scale circulation
(2002)The physical mechanisms that affect the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated using a two box model and a mesoscale model with fixed uniform and sinusoidal SST gradients. Emphasis is placed on the large-scale ... -
Tropical Convection and Subseasonal Weather Prediction in a Global Convection-Permitting Model
Although accurate weather and climate prediction beyond one to two weeks is of great value to society, the skill of such extended prediction is limited in current operational global numerical models, whose coarse horizontal ... -
Tropical dynamics near the stratospause: the two-day wave and its relatives
(1998)The two-day wave is observed in the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) temperature and water vapor data. During a 3-year period (Dec. 1991-Sep. 1994), the wave signature is prominent ... -
Tropical precipitation in relation to the large-scale circulation
(2003)This study uses Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations from 1998--2000 to characterize the convective and stratiform components of the tropical precipitation field. National Centers ... -
Tropical tropopause layer cirrus and its relation to tropopause
This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus clouds (i.e., clouds with bases higher than 14.5 km) and their relationship to tropical tropopause including both cold point ... -
Ultraclean layers and optically thin clouds in the stratocumulus to cumulus transition: depletion of cloud droplets and cloud condensation nuclei through collision-coalescence
With aircraft observations, ultraclean layers (UCLs) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) are shown to be common features in the stratocumulus to cumulus (Sc-Cu) transition region. The ultraclean layers are defined as layers ...