Browsing Biological chemistry by Title
Now showing items 88-107 of 122
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RECQ5 promotes recombination and mutagenesis at targeted nicks through disruption of RAD51 filaments
RECQ5 mutation and overexpression have both been associated with human cancer. RECQ5 has been implicated in repair of oxidative DNA damage, a critical pathway in which inherent redundancies may mask a key role for any ... -
Regulation of microtubule nucleation and attachment to spindle pole bodies
The precise regulation and coordination of the mitotic spindle is vital for accurate chromosomal segregation within a dividing cell. The centrosome is the microtubule organizing center of the cell, responsible for nucleating ... -
Regulation of stemness in humans: the role of Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Tie2
Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for the future of regenerative medicine. Though many studies have examined the genetic determinants of pluripotency, the role of metabolism in stemness acquisition and maintenance ... -
The Role of A-type Lamins in Normal Cardiac Function
(2013-02-25)A-type lamins, primarily represented by the proteins lamin A and lamin C, are unique intermediate filaments that localize to the inner nuclear membrane to form the nuclear lamina. The lamina helps maintain nuclear structure ... -
The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in early xenopus development
(1997)Experiments early in this century indicated that dorsoventral axis formation in the Xenopus embryo requires the activity of the Spemann organizer, or gastrula organizer. Cell and cytoplasmic transplantation studies ... -
Roles of the HOPS complex and Sec1/Munc18 proteins in membrane fusion
(2013-07-23)A fundamental feature of the eukaryotic cell is its diversity of membrane bound compartments. Despite a constant flux of proteins and lipids through these compartments, organelle identity and function is maintained by ... -
Running the Gamut: From Structural Biology to HIV-1 Vaccine Design
Transmembrane proteins are major drug targets in bacteria, viruses, and humans. Utilizing a combination of single-particle electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and numerous other biophysical and biochemical techniques, ... -
Structural and computational studies of two oligonucleotide modifying enzymes: I-PpoI and T4 polynucleotide kinase
(2002)Endonucleases are a large class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of site-specific double strand breaks in DNA. Homing endonucleases are expressed from open reading frames within intervening sequences (introns or ... -
Structural and Functional Characterization of Non-Canonical Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes
Thirty-five years ago, during its initial discovery, the field of ubiquitination could not have been more aptly named. In fact, as the study of ubiquitin (Ub) expands, it is becoming clear that this small post-translational ... -
Structural and Functional Characterization of Ube2H, a Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme with a C-terminal Extension
The human proteome contains over forty ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, each harboring a conserved core domain. Despite their structural similarities, E2s must discriminate between hundreds of E3 ligases to interact specifically ... -
Structural and mechanistic studies of the Type IIS restriction endonuclease PaqCI and de novo designed circular tandem repeat proteins
This thesis spans the work completed on two parallel projects, to (i) study the structure and mechanism of the Type IIS restriction endonuclease PaqCI, and (ii) participate in the characterization and engineering of de ... -
Structural basis for regulation and higher order assembly of human phosphofructokinase-1
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a key regulatory enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) to generate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F16BP). The reaction ... -
Structural Basis of Adhesion Activation of the Cadherin-Catenin Complex
E-cadherin is a protein that regulates cell adhesion through adherens junctions. Its dysfunction has implications in development, inflammation, and cancer metastasis. Type I classical cadherins such as E-cadherin are ... -
Structural Insights from Beta-Sandwich Proteins Inform the Design of De novo Immunoglobulin Domains Towards New Age Antibodies
Active sites and ligand-binding cavities in native proteins are often formed by curved β sheets, and the ability to control β-sheet curvature would allow design of binding proteins with cavities customized to specific ... -
Structural Studies of RNF146-Mediated PARylation-Dependent Ubiquitylation
The ubiquitylation of proteins is involved in nearly every cellular process. Hence, precise control of the ligases that facilitate the attachment ubiquitin (Ub) to target substrates is of the utmost importance to eukaryotic ... -
Structural Studies of the ATPase from the Type II Secretion System
The type II secretion system (T2SS) in Gram-negative bacteria is a multi-protein machinery that spans both the inner and the outer membranes. The T2SS in <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic>, secretes folded proteins including ... -
Structure and Function of Human Metabolic Enzyme IMP Dehydrogenase
Many essential metabolic enzymes self-assemble into filamentous polymers which serve as a layer of allosteric regulation. One example is the highly conserved enzyme Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) that ... -
Structure and Function of the Yeast Metabolic Filament CTP Synthase
Many metabolic enzymes self-assemble into micron-scale filaments to organize and regulate metabolism. The appearance of these assemblies often coincides with large metabolic changes as in development, cancer, and stress. ... -
Structure-based Computational Retargeting of RNA Binding Proteins
(2012-09-13)Protein-RNA interactions play a central role in post-transcriptional regulation. By interacting with precursor and mature mRNA transcripts, RNA binding proteins (RBP) regulate the expression level and isoform of proteins ... -
Structure-guided vaccine, antibody and drug discovery
The current pandemic, COVID19, will remain engraved in our history. However, if not the rapid response for vaccine and antibody development has been made from the outset, this wound might be even deeper and more anguished. ...