Browsing Epidemiology by Title
Now showing items 105-124 of 719
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Cadmium Burden and Blood Pressure
Background Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP) affects 1 in 3 adults worldwide and is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. A growing body of literature has implicated toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), ... -
Can Artificial Intelligence based Automated CT Brain Interpretation Software help Early Clinical Decision Making for Stroke Patients in Real World Resource Limited Settings with Non-Specialist Physicians? An Interrupted Time Series Study from Tezpur, Assam, India
We evaluated the impact of an AI (Artificial Intelligence) based software for automated interpretation of CT brain through a retrospective interrupted time series study at a rural hospital in Tezpur, India, that is managed ... -
Can passive smoking explain the higher radiation-related excess relative risk of lung cancer for women compared to men among atomic bomb survivors?
Analyses of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors have shown a sex difference in the incidence of lung cancer in relation to radiation exposure. Specifically, the excess relative risk (ERR) of lung ... -
Cancer incidence, mortality, and immunotherapy outcomes in relation to sleep problems: Results from Cardiovascular Health Study and a cancer immunotherapy cohort
Background: Sleep problems (SP) affect a large proportion of adults: an estimated 50-70 million U.S. adults suffer from sleep problems. Among numerous potential health consequences, sleep problems may be adversely associated ... -
Cancer survival prediction of six cancer types with germline whole-exome sequencing data from the UK Biobank
Background: One of the most important tasks in cancer genomics is to predict cancer prognosis based on genetic signatures. We aim to apply machine learning approaches to germline whole-exome sequencing (WES) data to predict ... -
Cardiovascular Health Effects of 100% Fruit Juice Versus Whole Fruit in Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Introduction We investigated whether 100% fruit juice and whole fruit were independently related to incident hypertension or incident type 2 diabetes. Methods We included women 50-79 years old enrolled in the Women’s Health ... -
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Memory Function in Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study
Background: Although a growing number of studies are focusing their attention on cognitive domains, fewer studies have been conducted in developing countries. Previous studies have suggested that cardiovascular disease ... -
Care-seeking correlates of acute respiratory illness among sheltered homeless adults in Seattle, WA: a community-based cross-sectional study
Objectives: To evaluate viral respiratory infection and health care seeking behavior in sheltered homeless individuals, and assess factors that may impact the decision to seek care for acute respiratory illness (ARI). ... -
Cattle-associated risk factors for human tuberculosis in rural livestock keeping communities, Uganda
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of human death worldwide. TB can also infect cattle, resulting in productivity losses, trade barriers, and zoonotic transmission via milk, meat, or direct contact. While the ... -
Cervical cancer prevention in the context of abating HIV prevalence in Kenya
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched an initiative to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem globally. While high-income countries are expected to achieve this goal in the coming decades, the ... -
Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in Females Living with HIV at Three Healthcare Settings in the United States, 2010-2019
Females living with HIV (FLWHIV) are at greater risk of developing cervical cancer compared to females without HIV. National cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend more frequent screening for FLWHIV to address their ... -
Changes in vaginal bacteria and inflammatory mediators from periconception through early-postpartum in a cohort of HIV-negative Kenyan women
Background: Women’s increased risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period maybe mediated by changes in vaginal microbiota and/or cytokines. Methods: A cohort of HIV-1-seronegative Kenyan women ... -
Changing etiologies in childhood acute febrile illness: implications for management in an era of declining malaria
Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common syndrome among children presenting to a healthcare facility in resource-limited settings and a substantial contributor to childhood mortality. In sub-Saharan Africa, ... -
Changing Etiologies of Febrile Illness in Areas of Differing Malaria Transmission in Rural Kenya
"<bold>Background</bold>": As malaria continues to decline in many parts of sub-Saharan African (SSA) and malaria rapid diagnostic tests become increasingly used; a growing number of febrile children are now being diagnosed ... -
Characterization of patients seeking care at a Sexual Health Clinic who report engaging in exchange sex
Background: People who exchange sex (PWES) for money or drugs are at increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and may need tailored prevention and care services. Our objective was to characterize ... -
Characterization of the Association Between Mindfulness, Metapersonal Awareness, and Mental Health Outcomes
Introduction: Depression and anxiety are increasing common mental health conditions in the United States. Interventions intended to improve mindfulness are often utilized to treat and prevent depression and anxiety. This ... -
Characterizing modifiable risk factors of breast cancer recurrence and mortality in a cohort of women with luminal, triple-negative, and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in the United States; ten to 20% of survivors will experience a recurrence in the decade after diagnosis. To improve the understanding of the relationship between ... -
Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 infection burden and COVID-19 vaccination intent and uptake in congregate shelters in Seattle, WA
Community-based surveillance studies can be appropriately leveraged to characterize the burden of emerging pathogens, especially in hard-to-reach populations such as people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Prior respiratory ... -
Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Neuropathology of Cerebrovascular Disease and Other Dementias in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study of NACC Autopsy and Medical History Data, 2005 – 2017
In vitro testing of cholinesterase inhibitors suggested protective effects against neuronal toxicity from multiple sources. Investigations in primates found ChEI restored cerebral blood flow. Work in animals suggests ChEI ... -
Circulating levels of soluble Fas (sCD95) are associated with risk for development of a non-resolving acute kidney injury sub-phenotype
ABSTRACT: Background Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into two sub-phenotypes, resolving or non-resolving, based on the trajectory of serum creatinine. It is unknown if the biology ...