Browsing Epidemiology by Title
Now showing items 201-220 of 719
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Early childhood diarrhea and growth among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya
Background: Diarrhea and poor linear growth are leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in low- and middle- income countries. While global childhood mortality has been significantly reduced in the past decades, ... -
Early Cumulative Fluid Balance and Outcomes in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Acute Respiratory Failure
Objectives: To evaluate the associations between early cumulative fluid balance (CFB) and outcomes among critically ill pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients with acute respiratory failure, ... -
Early diagnosis in infants born to HIV-positive adolescent compared to adult mothers in Kisumu, Kenya
Although many countries have made great efforts to establish prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services, globally 160,000 children are newly infected with HIV each year. Early infant diagnosis (EID) ... -
Early Management of Community-Acquired Sepsis in a Regional Thai Referral Hospital: a Prospective Observational Study
Purpose: The epidemiology and management of sepsis is poorly characterized in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We performed a prospective observational cohort study of adults with community-acquired sepsis in a ... -
Early Pregnancy Maternal Vitamin D Concentrations in Relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Mood or Anxiety Disorders, and Preeclampsia
(2013-07-25)Background: Previous studies examining associations of maternal vitamin D (Vit-D) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), mood or anxiety disorders (MAD), and preeclampsia (PE) risk reported inconsistent findings. Whether ... -
Earned income tax credit policy and unhealthy alcohol use: A difference-in-differences analysis of U.S. states, 2001-2019
Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is a major contributor to chronic diseases and mortality in the United States. There is variation in generosity of state Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) which supplements the federal EITC, ... -
Effect modification of the alcohol – colorectal cancer association
Introduction: Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, while studies have consistently reported elevated risk of CRC among heavy drinkers, associations at moderate levels of ... -
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Individuals
BACKGROUND: Even with successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection is still accompanied by ongoing chronic immune activation and inflammation that may impact ART-mediated immune reconstitution. The mechanisms of ... -
The Effect of Hospital Trauma Level on Outcomes for Injured Pregnant Women and their Neonates in Washington State, 1995 to 2012.
University of Washington Abstract The Effect of Hospital Trauma Level on Outcomes for Injured Pregnant Women and their Neonates in Washington State, 1995 to 2012. John T. Distelhorst Chair of the Supervisory Committee: ... -
Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Human Papillomavirus Clearance among Women in Senegal, West Africa
Background. Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with development of cervical-related disease. Methods. A total of 174 Senegalese women completed health questionnaires and were tested for Human ... -
Effect of Internal Standard Normalization of Microbiome Data on Outcomes of a Controlled Feeding Study and a Longitudinal Study in a Multiethnic Cohort
Standardization would benefit the interpretability of human microbiome data because unintended variability can be introduced at each level of data production and processing. One way to bring standardization to microbiome ... -
Effect of nighttime magnetic field and other exposures on sleep quality in young women
(2003)The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe sleep patterns in menstruating women sleeping at home, (2) determine the effect of a nighttime magnetic field and other exposures on sleep, and (3) examine the association ... -
Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women
Background: Tenofovir is a potent anti-HIV agent with efficacy in studies of pre-exposure prophylaxis when taken orally or used as an intravaginal gel. Recent studies suggest that tenofovir also reduces the risk of HSV-2 ... -
Effect of periconceptual vaginal microbiota disruption on fecundability among Kenyan women planning pregnancies
INTRODUCTION: Vaginal microbiota disruption is a common condition that is associated with sexually transmitted infection and HIV acquisition, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and poor in-vitro fertilization outcomes. ... -
The effect of previous Giardia infection on the presentation of new Giardia infections among children in Bangladesh.
Background: Giardia Lamblia (Giardia) is considered to be pathogenic in high-resource settings, but observational studies among children in resource-limited settings suggest an inverse relationship between Giardia and ... -
Effect of road safety-conscious motorcycle taxi programs on riding behaviors and risk of road traffic crash among motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala, Uganda
Background: SafeBoda is a private transportation company that started providing motorcycle taxi services in Kampala in 2015. Prior to the introduction of SafeBoda, motorcycle taxi services in Kampala were entirely provided ... -
Effectiveness of home-based HIV testing and education among partners of pregnant women in Kenya: a mixed methods approach
Male partner involvement has been recognized as an important component of prevention-of-mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT); however, male antenatal attendance has been difficult to achieve. Home-based testing among ... -
Effects of Differentially Sweetened Beverages on Hepatic and Adipose De Novo Lipogenesis in Healthy Young Adults
(2012-09-13)Added sugars from sweetened beverages contribute a substantial number of calories to the American diet with numerous associated negative health effects. There is a need to evaluate the different effects of fructose, ... -
Effects of HIV exposure, TB and HIV treatment, and isoniazid preventive therapy on prognosis and growth trajectories of children
Introduction: Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services (PMTCT) have enabled the vast majority of pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) to give birth to ... -
Effects of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status on outcomes following a colorectal cancer diagnosis
Evidence indicates inequalities in socioeconomic status (SES), especially those that result in differential access to early detection as well as to high-quality medical and supportive care, as the primary drivers of ...