Browsing Epidemiology by Title
Now showing items 449-468 of 719
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Neighborhood characteristics, social capital, and depression: a twin study
INTRODUCTION: Depression is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, and can have a debilitating effect on quality of life. While it is already well-accepted that individual-level factors can influence ... -
Neighborhood cultural environment and anxiety and depression symptoms among majority Mexican American adults: Results from the HCHS/SOL
Previous research on associations of neighborhood ethnic composition with indicators of mental health is limited, with findings mixed regarding the impact of Latine ethnic composition, language isolation, and other related ... -
Neighborhood environment, stress, and obesogenic behaviors among adults
(2013-02-25)<bold>Background: </bold>Socio-ecologic models convey a conceptualization of how levels of environment surrounding individuals impact health behaviors and subsequent health outcomes. Neighborhood context, defined as ... -
New approaches to HIV prevention in African HIV serodiscordant couples: antiretrovirals and mobile technology
(2014-02-24)This dissertation informs the future implementation of HIV prevention for HIV serodiscordant couples in Africa. The research objectives include: 1) reviewing effective HIV prevention interventions, 2) evaluating the use ... -
New Insights into Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG): Geographic heterogeneity in Black-White disparities and spatiotemporal trends among US females and the role of azithromycin use for STI treatment in antibiotic resistance
Gonorrhea (caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) bacterium) is the second most-commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States (US) and can cause serious, permanent reproductive sequalae in ... -
New statin use and left ventricular structure: estimating long-term associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Recent treatment guidelines in the United States have increased the number of statin-eligible individuals. While statin use is associated with a modest reduction in heart failure hospitalizations in meta-analyses of statin ... -
Non-gonococcal urethritis and its relationship to three novel bacterial vaginosis (BV) associated bacteria
Objective: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is the most common urethral syndrome in the United States, yet up to 50% of cases are of unknown etiology. Bacterial-vaginosis associated bacteria (BVAB), highly predictive of BV ... -
Non-inferiority of a non-contrast MRI follow up protocol for isolated optic pathway gliomas.
Background: Pediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are typically indolent, but have variable clinical course. Treatment is dictated by symptoms and changes on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CEMR) examinations. ... -
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Chronic Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Substantial experimental and epidemiological evidence shows that long-term use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are protective against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying ... -
Novel Estimation of Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) and Comparisons of Different GRMs in Mega- and Meta- GWAS, in the NHLBI TOPMed Program
This dissertation is a collection of statistical tools developed to create genetic relationship matrices for genome-wide association studies, and their application to epidemiological studies of sleep duration in the NHLBI ... -
NOVEL TESTING STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT HIV TREATMENT AND PREVENTION: ACCEPTABILITY, PREFERENCES, AND IMPACT ON ENGAGEMENT IN CARE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
The primary goal of this dissertation project was to advance our understanding of the impact of novel testing strategies to support HIV treatment and prevention. Despite significant advancements in antiretroviral therapy ... -
Occupational Exposures and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Air- Lung Study
Rationale: The impact of a broad range of occupational exposures on subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been studied. Objectives: To determine whether occupational exposures to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes ... -
Oral health status in infants and toddlers enrolled in Early Head Start in Seattle and factors related to their oral health
(2013-11-14)Purpose: To assess dental caries by the level (prevalence) and the degree (mean dmfs) of the disease, as well as to investigate which factors regarding parents' behaviors related to oral health, oral hygiene and diet may ... -
Organochlorine pesticides, phthalate metabolites, and risk of endometriosis
(2013-07-25)Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-driven benign gynecologic condition that may be affected by exposure to environmental chemicals that mimic or alter endogenous hormonal activity, such as organochlorine pesticides ... -
Osteoporosis Medication Use and Fracture Risk in the Women’s Health Initiative
BACKGROUND: Evidence is inconclusive about whether long-term (>3-5 years) bisphosphonate therapy reduces or increases fracture risk. This dissertation examined the association of long-term bisphosphonate use with fracture, ... -
Outcomes of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and the Impact of Clindamycin Resistance
Background: Beta-hemolytic streptococci are frequently implicated in necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI). Clindamycin administration may improve outcomes in patients with serious streptococcal infections. However, ... -
Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation Among Undocumented Immigrants in the United States
BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but undocumented immigrants in the United States are often excluded from health insurance coverage necessary to undergo kidney ... -
Outcomes of Wraparound Care Coordination for Youth with Complex Behavioral Health Needs
Background. Approximately 10% of youth in the US are estimated to experience “serious emotional disorder,” or SED. Wraparound is a commonly implemented care coordination process for youth with SED and complex needs, but ... -
Outpatient Antibiotic Parenteral Therapy in Vulnerable Populations—People Who Inject Drugs and the Homeless
Background: Serious infections that require prolonged parenteral antimicrobial therapy are common among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people who are homeless; and creating an outpatient antibiotic treatment plan can ... -
Overcoming Barriers to HIV/STD Partner Services in Kenya and the United States
Increasing the proportion of people living with HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) who know their status is critical to curbing the HIV and STD epidemics. Partner services (PS) are a core public health strategy ...