Browsing Epidemiology by Title
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A Concurrent and Longitudinal Analysis of Teacher Support, Stressful Life Events, and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Introduction: Depression is a major public health issue globally and is associated with a variety of undesirable outcomes. This analysis examines the concurrent and prospective associations between teacher social support ... -
A higher plasma to red cell ratio is associated with lower 24-hour mortality in injured children receiving massive transfusion
Background: Higher fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet to packed red blood cell (PRBC) ratios are associated with decreased mortality in injured adults. We sought to determine if higher FFP:PRBC and platelet:PRBC ratios ... -
A longitudinal study of the association between internalizing problems during early adolescence and alcohol and cannabis use disorder at age 18 in a community sample
Introduction: Substance use disorders, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD), in young adults are an important public health concern. AUD and CUD may have deleterious impacts on the ongoing ... -
A prospective study of the association between living with an adult who misuses alcohol during childhood and major depressive disorder in adulthood: Evaluating the role of child maltreatment, sex, school bonding, and neighborhood bonding.
Purpose: This prospective cohort study evaluated (1) the association between living with adult alcohol misuse during childhood and chronicity of major depressive disorder (MDD) during one’s thirties, (2) whether the ... -
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Lesions Among HIV-Infected Women in Kenya
HIV and cervical cancer are co-epidemics that disproportionally impact women living in low resource settings. Women infected with HIV have consistently been reported to have higher burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) ... -
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Race and Ethnicity, Pre-pregnancy Weight, and Pregnancy Complications
Objective: To examine relationships between race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity status, and pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, and cesarean-delivery. Methods: We conducted a ... -
A Study of the Association of Maternal Occupations and Deliveries by Cesarean Section for Infants Born in Washington, 2011-2013
Nearly one-third of all pregnancies in the United States are surgically delivered by cesarean, which has a higher rate of maternal complications compared to vaginal delivery. There are national campaigns to reduce the ... -
Abnormal glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome in the etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
(2013-02-25)Abnormalities of glucose metabolism, such as impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, have been associated with increased risk of multiple types of cancers. Similarly, metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of health ... -
Adapting Trauma Outcome Prediction Models to Individual Facilities using Transfer Learning
With the increasing availability of big data and advanced computational techniques, machine learning (ML) models are becoming common in medicine and healthcare. Generalizable models, models that can be applied to any setting ... -
Addressing adverse outcomes following acute illness among children in Sub-Saharan Africa: predicting risks and cost-effectiveness
Children under age 5 in sub-Saharan Africa suffer a disproportionately high burden of infections disease, and the consequences of these conditions extend beyond the period during which the child is acutely ill. Children ... -
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Systemic Inflammation in Adults in the United States
Background and significance: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor behavioral and physical health outcomes in adulthood. Though not fully elucidated, systemic inflammation is one mechanism through ... -
Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Legalization
BACKGROUND: Washington State has been at the forefront of modern-day marijuana legislation for over two decades. In November 1998, Washington State became one of the first states to legalize medical marijuana and, nearly ... -
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, non-retention, eligibility of differentiated care and virologic failure among women living with HIV in prevention of vertical transmission programs
Provision of antiretroviral treatment (ART) to women living with HIV (WLWH) before and during pregnancy is key to prevention of vertical HIV transmission (or prevention of mother-to-child transmission [PMTCT]), including ... -
Age at Fontan procedure impacts exercise performance in adolescents: results from Pediatric Health Network multicenter study.
(2012-09-13)Background: Fontan procedure is the palliative method of choice for patients with single ventricle physiology and involves separating the systemic and pulmonary circulations and placing them in series without the interposition ... -
Agreement between two methods for capturing self-reported sex partner dates for use in measuring concurrent sexual partnerships
(2013-11-14)Although prevalence of concurrent sexual partnerships is increasingly investigated as a driver of HIV epidemics, its measurement varies and can be controversial. Relying on different methods of obtaining self-reported ... -
Agricultural Burning Smoke Exposure and Health Effects Assessment in Eastern Washington
(2013-07-25)<bold>Background:</bold> The prescribed burning of vegetation and crop residue is a common agricultural practice. However, the health effects of agricultural field burning smoke exposure has not been well determined. ... -
Air Pollution and High Density Lipoprotein Structure and Function
BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that air pollution is an important contributor to risk of cardiovascular disease. Federal regulatory agencies require evidence of the biological mechanisms explaining the ... -
Air pollution exposure and novel biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)
Epidemiologic evidence indicates a causal association between long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Inflammation in the lungs ... -
Air Pollution, Change in Retinal Vascular Caliber, and Cellular Adhesion in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Research strongly suggests an association between acute air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events, and there is growing evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with cardiovascular disease ... -
Alcohol intake, viral hepatitis B infection, viral hepatitis C infection, and the risk of primary liver cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
(2012-09-13)Background Liver cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accurate estimation of the contribution of major risk factors of liver cancer namely, alcohol intake and viral hepatitis infection, is essential ...