Browsing Epidemiology by Subject "Health sciences"
Now showing items 1-20 of 39
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A Retrospective Cohort Study of Race and Ethnicity, Pre-pregnancy Weight, and Pregnancy Complications
Objective: To examine relationships between race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity status, and pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, and cesarean-delivery. Methods: We conducted a ... -
Antiretroviral regimen central nervous penetration, viral control, and age of attainment of developmental milestones in early treated HIV-infected infants
Background: Pediatric HIV is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits. We hypothesized that lower cumulative viral load following early antiretroviral treatment (ART), and the use of central nervous ... -
The Association between Domestic Violence and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern India
(2013-07-25)Background: An estimated 2.4 million HIV positive individuals reside in India; of whom approximately 485,000 are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The Indian government provides public ART services throughout the country ... -
Body mass index and risk of recurrence and mortality of luminal, triple-negative, and HER2- overexpressing breast cancer
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death of women worldwide, and there is an understanding that risk factors for breast cancer recurrence and mortality differ by subtype. The most common subtypes are: luminal (estrogen ... -
Determinants of Type-Specific HPV Concordance Across Anatomic Sites in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HPV infection and HPV associated cancers. The dynamics of HPV infections at different anatomical sites and whether type-specific HPV infections are detected simultaneously ... -
Dynamic patterns of contraceptive use among Kenyan women
INTRODUCTION: Access to voluntary family planning (FP) programs is essential to support women in achieving their reproductive goals, and has a myriad of benefits for maternal, newborn, and child health and women’s economic, ... -
Effects of Intubation Location on Risk of Ventilator Associated Events
Background: Ventilation is a crucial tool in modern medicine that allows for advanced respiratory support in critically ill patients. However, prolonged ventilation has been found to be linked with ventilator-associated ... -
Epidemiological Evaluation of Phylogenetic Clustering and Meeting Sexual Partners at Social Venues Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
New HIV infections in the Americas are predominately occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW).1 In Peru, there is a concentrated epidemic among MSM and TW, for whom the HIV prevalence ... -
Eplet Mismatches and De Novo Donor-Specific Antibody Development in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Background: The presence of HLA de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) is associated, probably causally, with failure of kidney transplants. In a pediatric kidney transplant population, we sought to determine the extent ... -
Factors associated with costly and potentially burdensome hospital care among patients with dementia and respiratory failure
Understanding contributors to costly and potentially burdensome hospital care for critically ill patients with dementia is of interest to healthcare systems and may facilitate efforts to ensure care is concordant with ... -
Genetic Variations and Risk of Placental Abruption
Background: Placental abruption (PA) is a premature separation of an implanted placenta due to the rupture of the maternal vessels in the decidua basalis prior to delivery of the fetus. PA complicates approximately 1 in ... -
Headache after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Background: Headache symptoms are a major contributor to chronic pain after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated associations between headache symptoms after TBI and both psychological symptoms ... -
Health Conditions of Particular Concern to Maternal Child Health Populations in Post-Invasion Iraq: A Comparison Between Data Sources
Reproductive age women and children face injuries, higher rates of infectious diseases, and limited health seeking behavior in times of armed conflict – all of which can contribute to adverse health outcomes. This ... -
Hepatocellular carcinoma screening reduces cancer-related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a case-control study
Background: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection often undergo screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the efficacy of such screening remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of screening ... -
HIV Status Disclosure, Stigma and Viral Suppression among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV
Introduction: Viral suppression remains the gold standard in determining success in HIV treatment. Adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYHIV) have poorer adherence and viral suppression than adults. Several factors have ... -
Host and Environmental Correlates of Multi-Drug Resistance in Kenyan Children with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea
Bacterial diarrhea results in significant morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotic treatment can be a life-saving intervention, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance limits its clinical ... -
Impact of Cancer, Cancer Directed Therapy and Its Lasting Effects on Employment and Finances in Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Background: Young adult (YA) cancer survivors face challenges unique from survivors of childhood cancer or older adults. The potential impact of cancer or its treatment upon employment and financial burden in YAs are not ... -
Implementation of a hospital-wide standardized feeding tube pathway is associated with a reduction in health care utilization
Implementation of a hospital-wide standardized feeding tube pathway is associated with a reduction in health care utilization Richards MK, McAteer JP, Li C, Shaw DW, Wahbeh GT, Foti JL, Melzer L, BA, Goldin AB Background ... -
Implementation science to expand an mHealth intervention for improving retention in care for women living with HIV and their children
Introduction: The multi-step cascade of care for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) paves the way to potentially eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission; yet, it also lays the foundation for attrition ... -
Local-level Association of Social Deprivation and Serious Injuries in Washington State: An Ecological Cross-sectional Study
Background Injuries, a major source of morbidity and mortality, are associated with social determinants of health. To inform strategic prioritization and targeting of injury prevention resources, there is a need to better ...