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Now showing items 11-20 of 114
Correlates of Inappropriate Prescription of Antibiotics to Patients with Malaria in Uganda
(2013-07-25)
<bold>Background<bold> In many areas, febrile patients presenting to health facilities are prescribed both antimalarials and antibiotics. It is not well understood which patient and facility-level factors are associated with health worker deviation from clinical guidelines and inappropriate drug treatment. The objective of ...
Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status, long term exposure to air pollution and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
(2013-02-25)
<bold>Background</bold>: Previous studies have reported a positive association between exposure to higher levels of air pollution and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, uncertainty remains regarding the potential confounding and effect modification of this association by socioeconomic status (SES). This study ...
Area-level socioeconomic status and cancer outcomes: Is there an association and can it be explained by behavior?
(2013-07-23)
Increasingly, area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is recognized as an important predictor of health outcomes and health behaviors independent of individual-level socioeconomic characteristics; however, associations between area-level SES and cancer outcomes are not well understood. Ecologic evidence suggests a relationship ...
The Impact of Helminths on HIV, Measles, and Tetanus-specific IgG Antibody Responses among HIV Co-infected Adults in Kenya
(2013-07-25)
In Africa, helminth and HIV infection is highly prevalent, making co-infection with helminths and HIV likely common. Both infections impact the host immune response through immune suppression and dysregulation, which also may have implications for vaccine efficacy and efforts to decrease vaccine preventable deaths. We sought ...
HIV and Cancer Survival
(2013-07-23)
Evidence exists for an association between HIV and multiple AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies, resulting in a growing cancer burden that is increasingly recognized to impact resource-limited countries. Despite the consistent evidence for an association between immunosuppression and cancer risk, little is known ...
Macrophage infiltration of human adipose tissue and its association with systemic inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease
(2013-04-17)
Macrophages accumulate in expanding adipose tissue where they produce and secrete inflammatory cytokines known to impair insulin action. "Classically activated" (i.e., pro-inflammatory) adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are therefore thought to play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. The Fcγ receptor III, ...
Risk of Infant Mortality by Race/Ethnicity among Preterm Infants at Different Gestational Ages
(2013-02-25)
Background: Preterm infants born at earlier gestational ages are at greater risk for mortality compared to late-preterm or term infants. There is a strong association between infant mortality and an infant's race/ethnicity at all gestational ages. This study assessed infant mortality relative to race/ethnicity among preterm ...
Aortic Valve Calcification as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
(2013-07-23)
Objective: To test whether aortic valve calcium (AVC) is independently associated with coronary and cardiovascular events in a primary-prevention population. Background: Aortic sclerosis is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the elderly, but the mechanisms underlying this association ...
Physical Activity and Clinical Outcomes in the Setting of Chronic Kidney Disease
(2013-02-25)
Background: Physical activity promotes diverse metabolic benefits that may counteract the toxic biochemical environment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We tested the hypotheses that greater physical activity levels are associated with lower kidney disease progression, cardiovascular outcomes, and death in a prospective cohort ...
HPV-16 viral load in association with cervical neoplasia and cancer in Senegal
(2012-09-13)
<bold>Background</bold>: The importance of certain characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer has not yet been established. Although infection with HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, ...