Browsing Microbiology by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 66
-
A Nascent Peptide Code for Translational Control of mRNA Stability in Human Cells
Stability of eukaryotic mRNAs is associated with their codon, amino acid, and GC content. Yet, coding sequence motifs that predictably alter mRNA stability in human cells remain poorly defined. Here, we develop a massively ... -
Activation of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium translocated glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase SseJ by the small GTPase RhoA
(2013-02-25)<italic>Salmonella enterica</italic> serovar Typhimurium translocates a glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase (SseJ) into the host cytosol after its entry into mammalian cells. SseJ is recruited to the cytoplasmic ... -
Analysis of metabolic alterations in carbon utilization pathways during virus infection
Viruses are dependent on the metabolic machinery of the host cell to supply the energy and molecular building blocks needed for their replication. Substantial research has focused on understanding how viruses alter host ... -
Ancient loss of APOBEC3H activity in a clade of primates infected with SIV
Restriction factors are an important component of the innate immune response against primate lentiviruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV). While they inhibit various steps ... -
Antibacterial effectors of the type VI secretion system
With the advent of high-throughput culture-independent sequencing it has become increasingly apparent that bacteria often live in complex communities, both in the environment and in association with the human body. Moreover, ... -
Bacterial Innate Immunity: Mechanisms of PhoQ Sensing that Promote Salmonella Virulence
Salmonella PhoQ is a histidine kinase with a periplasmic sensor domain that promotes virulence by detecting the hostile environment of the host macrophage phagosome. PhoQ kinase activity is repressed by divalent cations ... -
Bacterial social interactions influencing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistically pathogenic bacterium that frequently co-infects with other bacterial species in a variety of diseases and has a propensity to form biofilms. Biofilms are dense aggregates of ... -
Characterizing the advantages of diverse effector secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
In the environment, bacteria exist in complex communities with other bacterial species, where they compete for resources. Cells are frequently in close proximity to one another, and therefore, many bacteria have evolved ... -
Characterizing the immunogenicity of a therapeutic DNA vaccine and determinants of viral control in SIV-infected rhesus macaques with variable responses to antiretroviral therapy
A therapeutic vaccine that induces lasting control of HIV infection could eliminate the need for lifelong adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study investigated a therapeutic DNA vaccine delivered with a single ... -
Characterizing the mechanisms of resistance to the novel antimicrobial 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal by the model pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Pathogens encounter numerous antimicrobial responses, including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. ROS-mediated oxidation of host membrane poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generates the toxic ab-carbonyl ... -
The consequences of head-on replication-transcription conflicts on replication restart and genomic instability in Bacillus subtilis
Concurrent bacterial replication and transcription lead to conflicts between the two machineries. These encounters, which impede replication and destabilize genomes, are especially detrimental when the replisome and RNA ... -
The cyclic-di-GMP receptors of S. Typhimurium: testing their signaling specificity through second messenger affinity and their use as biosensors
(2013-04-17)c-di-GMP is a second messenger that regulates motility and the production of adhesive factors in many bacterial species. Enzymes containing specific c-di-GMP metabolizing domains integrate information about the environment ... -
Discovery and characterization of mechanisms that promote the intracellular growth of the pathogen Francisella tularensis
The survival of pathogenic intracellular bacteria relies on their ability to establish and maintain a permissive niche. For Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, this involves both escaping the degradative ... -
Dissecting the Multifaceted Antibody Response to Influenza A Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Antibodies are the first line of defense against invading respiratory pathogens, and their effectiveness at preventing infection and disease depends heavily on what antigens are targeted. For both influenza A virus and ... -
E. coli adaptation to the extraintestinal niche: using natural variation to explore mechanisms of pathogenesis
Escherichia coli can function as part of the normal human gut flora, or it can act as a virulent pathogen, either within the intestinal tract or without. While intestinally pathogenic E. coli tend to share particular traits ... -
Effect of Exopolysaccharides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Physiology
Bacteria form multicellular aggregates called biofilms. Cells in biofilms are encased by aself-produced matrix composed of proteins, exopolysaccharides (EPS), nucleic acids, and lipids. Biofilm matrix composition mediates ... -
Efflux-Mediated Multidrug Tolerance in Replicating Mycobacteria
(2012-09-13)A major roadblock in the global eradication of tuberculosis lies in the long duration of treatment required for cure. This well documented need for long-term therapy is historically attributed to the infecting mycobacteria ... -
Electron flow and energy conservation in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis
(2014-02-24)Methanogenesis is a globally important process responsible for the generation of >90% of the CH4 present on Earth. Despite this importance, key biochemical details concerning methanogenesis have eluded characterization. ... -
Engineering New Methods to Investigate Cyclic Dinucleotides
Nucleotide second messengers are nucleotide-based small molecules which orchestrate cellular responses to internal cues and adaptation to environmental conditions. These messengers are ubiquitous throughout life and their ... -
Essential Role of Protein Kinase R Antagonism by TRS1 in Human Cytomegalovirus Replication
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) lacking TRS1 and IRS1 (HCMV[ΔI/ΔT]) cannot replicate in cell culture. Although both proteins can block the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, they have been reported to have multiple other activities ...