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The evolutionary history and activity of a gain-of-function polymorphism in a human antiviral gene
Humans express seven human APOBEC3 proteins, which can inhibit viruses and endogenous retroelements through cytidine deaminase activity. The seven paralogs differ in the potency of their antiviral effects, as well as in their antiviral targets. One APOBEC3, APOBEC3C, is exceptional as it had previously been found to only ...
Ancient loss of APOBEC3H activity in a clade of primates infected with SIV
Restriction factors are an important component of the innate immune response against primate lentiviruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV). While they inhibit various steps of the viral replication cycle, lentiviruses have consequently developed strategies to antagonize this ...
Insights into alpha-defensin modulation of non-enveloped viral infection
Alpha-defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in innate immunity across various mammalian species. Possessing broad antimicrobial properties, they have neutralizing activity against bacteria and both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. These peptides are either constitutively secreted into the ...