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Mechanisms of negative regulation of inflammasome activation
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory program of cell death that is coordinated by the assembly of macromolecular structures known as inflammasomes. Pathogenic Yersinia species have evolved specific mechanisms to inhibit inflammasome activation. We identified the C-terminus of Yersinia virulence effector YopM is required for YopM ...
Host-defense peptides enhance enteric viral infection in a small intestinal organoid model and in vivo
The human small intestinal epithelium is a physical barrier to microbes, but it also produces numerous proteins and peptides that form a chemical barrier to infection. The most abundant of these peptides are the enteric α-defensins, which are produced by specialized epithelial cells called Paneth cells. Studies examining the ...
Essential Role of Protein Kinase R Antagonism by TRS1 in Human Cytomegalovirus Replication
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) lacking TRS1 and IRS1 (HCMV[ΔI/ΔT]) cannot replicate in cell culture. Although both proteins can block the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, they have been reported to have multiple other activities and binding partners. It remains unknown which of these functions are essential for HCMV replication. ...
Influenza vaccines and antivirals that target the conserved hemagglutinin stem
Influenza is a major public health threat, and pandemics, such as the 2009 H1N1 outbreak, are inevitable. Due to low efficacy of seasonal flu vaccines and the increase in drug-resistant strains of influenza viruses, there is a crucial need to develop new antivirals and vaccines to protect from seasonal and pandemic influenza. ...
Mechanisms of inflammasome activation and inhibition during Yersinia infection
(2013-04-17)
The host inflammatory response is strikingly delayed during the initial stages of infection with Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis, pathogens that can suppress immune defenses. This work identifies the bacterial leucine-rich repeat protein YopM as an inhibitor of pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death ...