One very challenging aspect of developing HIV vaccines and therapies is to overcome the high evolutionary rate and consequent sequence diversity of the virus. HIV is notorious for rapidly acquiring drug resistant and immune escape mutations, which allow the virus to survive and persist against antiviral drug suppression and ...

During millions of years of coevolution with their hosts, cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have succeeded in adapting to overcome host-specific immune defenses, including the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway. Consequently, these adaptations may also contribute to the inability of CMVs to cross species barriers. Here, we provide evidence ...