Pathobiology
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TRIM34 and TRIM5a co-operatively restrict primate lentiviruses
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses adapt to new hosts by evolving to evade host-specific innate immune proteins that differ in sequence and often viral recognition between host species. Understanding ... -
ZIKV Protein Accumulation is a Major Regulator of Innate Immunity, Controlling Viral Replication and Spread
Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged globally, causing outbreaks linked with critical clinical disease outcomes unless ZIKV is effectively restricted by host immunity. We have previously shown that retinoic ... -
Impact of HIV Drug Resistance on Maternal Treatment Outcome & Vertical Transmission
HIV pretreatment drug resistance – defined as resistance detected prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) – has increased in prevalence over time in parallel with the increased global utilization of ART. ... -
An innate-like role of memory T cells in HSV-2 immunity
Mucosal infections pose a significant global health burden and remain a top cause of mortality worldwide. Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, yet no ... -
Identification of novel inhibitors of intracellular M. tuberculosis and their mechanisms of action
Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, accounting for 1.5 million deaths per year. The emergence of drug-resistant TB strains further highlights the urgent need for new ... -
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein O-phosphorylation landscape
Protein phosphorylation is a main mechanism for translating extracellular signals into cellular adaptations. In bacteria, the two-component system has been the paradigm of protein phosphorylation. Increasingly, however, ... -
Vaginal regulatory T cells in health and infection
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate immune homeostasis, yet also facilitate nuanced immune responses during infection, balancing pathogen control while limiting host inflammation. Recent studies have identified Treg populations ... -
Chlamydia trachomatis overcomes human cell-autonomous immunity through secretion of a novel inclusion membrane protein IncU
Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the world. In the United States, over 100 million people are infected each year, and from 2015 to 2019 incidence of chlamydia rose by 19%. Of extreme ... -
Comprehensively Defining the Determinants of Neutralization by Broadly Cross-Reactive Flavivirus Antibodies
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two highly related mosquito-borne members of the genus Flavivirus that cause significant human morbidity and mortality. There is no licensed vaccine available for ZIKV and the ... -
Characterizing host immune responses to Group B Streptococcus hemolysin during invasive infection
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive, ꞵ-hemolytic bacteria that asymptomatically colonizes the vaginal tract. However, during pregnancy maternal GBS colonization greatly predisposes the neonate to a wide range ... -
T cell immunity in the female genital tract
Many pathogens of global health significance are sexually transmitted, highlighting the importance of studying immune cells in genital barrier tissues. T cells are a critical component of the immune response to viruses, ... -
Eliciting VRC01-class antibodies against HIV-1 through immunization
With more that 37 million people currently infected with HIV-1, there is a need for a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. One goal of an effective HIV-1 vaccine is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). These ... -
Targeting tumor tight junctions: The Junction Opener protein
With the advent of new approaches - including cellular therapy and immunotherapies - cancer treatment has entered a new era. However, solid epithelial tumors have yet to benefit from these new modalities, and new tools for ... -
Elucidating mechanisms of transformation and tumorigenesis by Merkel cell polyomavirus tumor antigens
In 2008, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was found to be the etiologic agent of 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) through expression of two viral oncoproteins: the Small Tumor antigen (ST) and a truncated form of the ... -
Mechanisms of Salmonella Typhi Persistence
Although human Salmonella infections are caused by a single species, Salmonella enterica, different Salmonella serovars cause distinctive clinical syndromes. Whereas non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars typically cause ... -
Elucidation of Group B Streptococcus hemolytic pigment and hyaluronidase during infection
Group B Streptococci (GBS) are β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacteria that colonize the lower genital tract of approximately 18% of women worldwide as asymptomatic components of the gastrointestinal and/or vaginal flora. If ... -
Biology of embryo-derived Kupffer cells
Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident macrophages of the liver, and play a key role in innate immune sensing, and maintaining steady state. KCs are originated from embryonic precursors, or from bone marrow monocytes. In ... -
Dynamics of the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) has caused more than 35 million deaths world-wide and contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Currently, the only effective treatment to suppress viral replication ... -
Characterizing the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane proteome
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection, responsible for millions of infections each year. Despite this high prevalence, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of ... -
Determinants of flaviviral neuropathology
In recent years, outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection has brought about a critical need to understand host factors that restrict neuropathology and disease. WNV infection in ...