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Browsing Pathobiology by Title
Now showing items 35-53 of 53
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Mapping the determinants in owl monkey CD4 and CCR5 that allow entry of early-stage HIV-1 Env variants
Many physiological and immunological aspects of non-human primates make them ideal candidates for animal models of HIV-1 transmission and vaccine studies. However, HIV-1 does not infect most non-human primates because of ... -
Mechanism of physiological function of sphingosine-1-phosphate: extracellular action and demonstration of alleged receptor
(1998)Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), the first product of sphingosine (Sph) catabolism, causes changes of cell physiology when exogenously added to culture medium. Cellular response varies depending on type of cell. For ... -
Mechanisms of Group B Streptococcus Colonization and Ascending Infection
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, are bacteria that commonly reside in the vagina of healthy women. GBS is not a major cause of infection in normal adults. However, newborns can acquire ... -
Mechanisms of Salmonella Typhi Persistence
Although human Salmonella infections are caused by a single species, Salmonella enterica, different Salmonella serovars cause distinctive clinical syndromes. Whereas non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars typically cause ... -
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell contributions to mucosal immunity
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a semi-invariant T cell subset that are located in blood, liver and mucosal tissues. When activated MAIT cells display potent effector functions including secretion of secretion ... -
Prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria
(1996)Periodontitis occurs in 15% of adults with teeth. Antibiotics are used as an adjunct to standard mechanical therapy for the treatment of periodontitis. As antibiotic use has increased, many bacteria have acquired resistance ... -
Quantifying the effect of helical cell shape on Helicobacter pylori's motility and niche acquisition
Half of all humans harbor the extracellular pathogen Helicobacter pylori in their stomachs. Successful colonization by H. pylori requires flagellar-based motility for the bacterium to traverse the thick gastric mucus layer ... -
Regulatory T cell contributions to mucosal antiviral immunity
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity and limit immunopathology using a variety of suppressive mechanisms, yet their roles during an immune response against pathogens remains unclear. Following intravaginal herpes ... -
The Role of Innate Immunity In HIV-1 Transmission and Pathogenesis: A Study of NK cells and Monocytes
(2014-02-24)This dissertation investigates two key innate immune cell subsets, monocytes and NK cells, with regard to their ability to influence HIV transmission and disease progression, including their role in defense against ... -
Structural Diversity in Antibody Interactions with HIV-1 Env Immunogens
Due to the impressive diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), control of the HIV-1 pandemic will likely depend on the design of a vaccine that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that can ... -
Superinfection fitness as a component of overall fitness for a vertebrate RNA virus
(2014-02-24)To gain a greater understanding of the overall fitness of IHNV viral variants, this thesis describes the development of a novel in vivo superinfection fitness assay and the application of this assay to the IHNV-<italic>O. ... -
T cell immunity in the female genital tract
Many pathogens of global health significance are sexually transmitted, highlighting the importance of studying immune cells in genital barrier tissues. T cells are a critical component of the immune response to viruses, ... -
Targeting tumor tight junctions: The Junction Opener protein
With the advent of new approaches - including cellular therapy and immunotherapies - cancer treatment has entered a new era. However, solid epithelial tumors have yet to benefit from these new modalities, and new tools for ... -
The Kinetics of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Frequency and Function in Chronic Retroviral Infections
During chronic retroviral infection, poor clinical outcomes correlate both with systemic inflammation and poor proliferative ability of HIV-specific T cells, however the connection between the two is not clear. Myeloid ... -
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein O-phosphorylation landscape
Protein phosphorylation is a main mechanism for translating extracellular signals into cellular adaptations. In bacteria, the two-component system has been the paradigm of protein phosphorylation. Increasingly, however, ... -
TRIM34 and TRIM5a co-operatively restrict primate lentiviruses
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses adapt to new hosts by evolving to evade host-specific innate immune proteins that differ in sequence and often viral recognition between host species. Understanding ... -
Using the R package Shiny to create web applications that facilitate quantitative gene expression analysis
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) infects host cells and predominantly enters a latent state. Tumorigenesis, however, likely requires lytic replication. The signals ... -
Vaginal regulatory T cells in health and infection
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate immune homeostasis, yet also facilitate nuanced immune responses during infection, balancing pathogen control while limiting host inflammation. Recent studies have identified Treg populations ... -
ZIKV Protein Accumulation is a Major Regulator of Innate Immunity, Controlling Viral Replication and Spread
Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged globally, causing outbreaks linked with critical clinical disease outcomes unless ZIKV is effectively restricted by host immunity. We have previously shown that retinoic ...