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Browsing Pathology by Title
Now showing items 19-38 of 60
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Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Migrate in Response to Gradients of Fibronectin and Wnt5a: Implications for cardiac repair & congenital heart defects
(2013-11-14)An improved understanding of the factors that regulate the migration of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) would provide new insights into human heart development and suggest novel strategies to ... -
Identification of hypothalamic neural circuits regulating glucose and energy homeostasis
Diabetes and obesity are among the most common and costly health issues facing modern humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that obesity rates have tripled in the last 50 years: as of 2016, nearly 40% of ... -
Identifying and Characterizing Novel Targets against Rhabdomyosarcoma Disease Relapse
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue pediatric sarcoma. Patients with relapsed or metastatic disease are faced with a poor survival outlook. Self-renewal of tumor propagating cells (TPCs) is believed to ... -
Impact of proteasomal processing on immunopeptidome repertoires and therapeutic immune recognition.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. AML often responds to initial chemotherapy, but a majority of patients will relapse with resistant disease leaving a critical need for more effective ... -
Innate Immune Detection of Flagellin Positively and Negatively Regulates Salmonella Infection
(2014-02-24)Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a flagellated bacterium and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Bacterial flagellin is required for motility and also a prime target of the innate immune system. ... -
Innate Immune Recognition of Conserved Structural Features of Bacterial Flagellin Shapes Host Antibody Responses
Within this dissertation, we have determined how components of the host's innate immune system and structural features of flagellin, a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and the major structural component of ... -
Interactions between inflammasomes and the stealth pathogen, Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic pathogen and agent of Q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that hijacks host cell machinery to form a large, acidified replicative vacuole from which it injects proteins into the ... -
Macrophage ADAM17 deficiency augments CD36-dependent apoptotic cell uptake and the linked anti-inflammatory phenotype
(2013-07-23)<italic>Rationale:</italic> Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is mediated by apoptotic cell receptors and is essential for resolution of inflammation. In chronic inflammation, apoptotic cell clearance is ... -
Mechanism of Diabetes Remission Induced by the Central Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1
The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major health concern worldwide. Growing evidence of a role for the brain in glucose homeostasis has stimulated interest in therapeutic approaches that target the ... -
Mechanism of endocytosis of CD33/Siglec-3: role of ITIMs, tyrosine phosphorylation, and monoubiquitylation
(2006)The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin, CD33/Siglec-3, is a founding member of a subgroup of highly related Siglecs with differential expression in the innate immune system. Common structural features include ... -
Mechanisms of shear stress-mediated ERK1/2 modulating signal transduction pathways in endothelial cells
(1998)Mechanical forces are important modulators of cellular function in various tissues and are particularly important in the cardiovascular system. The endothelial cell layer, by virtue of its unique location in the vessel ... -
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Immunogenicity and the characterization of CD4 T cell responses to the Merkel cell polyomavirus
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a deadly, virus-associated skin cancer with a 5-year relative mortality rate of 46%. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is clonally integrated into 80% of MCCs and persistent expression of ... -
Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific CD8 T cells in Merkel cell carcinoma: T cell receptor diversity & novel immune therapies
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with a disease-specific mortality of 46%. Unfortunately, no FDA-approved treatments for advanced disease exist. Over 80% of MCCs are caused by persistent expression ... -
Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific T cell responses, immune evasion mechanisms & immune therapy in Merkel cell carcinoma
(2013-07-25)Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with an increasing incidence and a 5-year disease-associated mortality of 46%. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), discovered in 2008, is involved ... -
miR-155 expression modulates microglia functions in vitro and in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) as well as both CNS and systemic inflammation. Microglia, myeloid cells resident to the CNS, use microRNAs to rapidly respond ... -
Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Presence of Neurodegenerative Disease
(2014-04-30)Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in many neurodegenerative diseases, with impaired bioenergetics and migration acting as neurodegenerative triggers. Mitochondrial disruption in the form of reduced bioenergetic ... -
Modeling autoimmune associated genetics in primary human T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
Genome wide association studies have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, thereby impacting large numbers of patients. Prominent examples are found within the phosphatase encoding ... -
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Mycobacterial Glycolipid Recognition by Human T Cells
Tuberculosis (TB) is of high global health importance and disproportionately affects individuals in resource-limited settings. A major challenge to reducing the global burden of this disease is the lack of effective ... -
Molecular and Cellular Phenotypes of AUTS2 Deficiency in the Developing Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus
Variants in the gene Autism Susceptibility Candidate 2 (AUTS2) are a rare cause of intellectual disability, developmental delay and autistic features in patients. However, the mechanism by which loss of AUTS2 causes specific ... -
Molecular and Spatial Regulators of Cardiac Fibroblast Cell State and Plasticity in Myocardial Infarction Injury
A central obstacle in heart disease is the replacement of healthy kinetic muscle with stiff fibrotic scarring. Fibrotic deposition represents a major clinical burden because it rapidly progresses the heart towards failure ...