Browsing Pharmaceutics by Title
Now showing items 15-34 of 60
-
Development of a Microphysiological Model of the Kidney Proximal Tubule and Application in Predictive Toxicity Testing of Polymyxin Antibiotics
Late-stage attrition of investigational new drugs can be extremely devastating to both the drug developer as well as the patient in regard to money lost and disease left untreated, respectively. A primary reason for a ... -
Development of Microphysiological Models for the Assessment of Xenobiotic and Endobiotic Absorption and Disposition
Animal models and in vitro systems have long been relied upon to provide insights into the toxicology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of investigational drug candidates before they are administered to human subjects. ... -
Discovery and Assessment of Endogenous Biomarkers of CYP2D6 Activity for Application in Clinical Studies
The activity of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is highly variable due to genetic and environmental influences. Assessing CYP2D6 activity may aid in initial dosing of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6, help maximize therapeutic ... -
Drug Disposition during Pregnancy: Transport, Metabolism, and the Gut Microbiome
Medication use during pregnancy is increasingly prevalent and medically necessary to maintain maternal health. Yet, a quarter of medications used by pregnant women have unknown safety for the pregnant population. It is ... -
The economic and clinical outcomes and policy implications of gene expression profiling in breast cancer care
(2004)In the U.S., the majority of premenopausal breast cancer patients are recommended by clinical guidelines to receive adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent disease progression and increase survival. However, low-risk patients may ... -
Elucidating Mechanisms for Drug Combination Nanoparticles to Enhance and Prolong Lymphatic Exposure: Experimental and Modeling Approaches
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and metastatic cancers impact over 50 million people worldwide. Because HIV and metastatic cancers exploit the lymphatics to persist and spread, enhanced and prolonged lymphatic ... -
Endogenous Biomarkers of CYP3A Activity
(2013-07-25)The activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochromes P450 3A (CYP3A) varies up to 20-fold between individuals. The interindividual variability may be due to both genetic variations and factors such as age, diet, ... -
Evaluation and Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Pharmacovigilance for First-Line HAART in Namibia
Background. Active surveillance pharmacovigilance (PV) is a systematic approach to medicine safety assessment and health systems strengthening. These systems can better estimate the burden of adverse events (AEs) and can ... -
Evaluation of a Prescription Drug Pay-for-Performance Program: Impact on Prescribing Trends, Budget, and Patient Outcomes
Background Health plans have incentivized providers for patient care that follows evidence-based prescribing, including through pay-for-performance (P4P) programs. Research has suggested increased cost-sharing for prescription ... -
Function and Regulation of Cytochrome P450 4V2 and the Implications in Bietti’s Crystalline Dystrophy
Background: Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2) is one of 57 functional human isozymes in the cytochrome P450 superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenase enzymes. CYP4V2 is one of thirteen human P450 enzymes classified as ‘orphans’ ... -
The impact of adherence and an intervention program on patient outcomes and costs in chronic hepatitis C infection
(2012-09-13)<bold>Background and aims:</bold> Both observational studies and randomized trials have shown that higher medication adherence is associated with improved outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC). ... -
The Impact of CYP3A5 Variation and Pregnancy on the Metabolic Disposition of Calcineurin Inhibitors
(2013-02-25)The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) — cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus remain the backbone of immunosuppression therapy for most organ transplant patients despite their serious side effects, such as chronic calcineurin ... -
The Impact of R10-Hydroxywarfarin on CYP2C9-Mediated S-Warfarin Metabolism
(2014-04-30)Warfarin therapy is highly effective in treating both atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis. Currently, more than 20 million Americans are receiving warfarin therapy. However, increased risk of adverse events are ... -
Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome on HIV Transmission
HIV is a global epidemic affecting almost 35 million people worldwide. Each year, almost 2 million new infections occur, with over 1 million new infections in women. The majority of these new infections take place in low ... -
Impact of Warfarin Pharmacogene Variation on Drug Metabolism and Pharmacological Response in Alaska Native and American Indian Populations
The oral vitamin K antagonist warfarin (Coumadin®) is used to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Despite newer treatment options such as the direct ... -
In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation of Transporter-Mediated Clearance of Drugs Using Quantitative Proteomics
Prediction of in vivo drug clearance (CL) is an important aspect of drug discovery and development. Our ability to predict in vivo hepatic metabolic clearance and metabolic drug-drug interactions from in vitro studies using ... -
In Vitro to In Vivo Translation of Complex Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Retinoic Acid
all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is a ligand for several nuclear receptors and acts as a critical regulator of many physiological processes. The cytochrome P450 26 (CYP26) enzymes are ... -
Influence of Perspective on Preferences for Prostate Cancer Outcomes
Background The utility value is a necessary component of the cost-utility analysis (CUA). They can be obtained from various perspectives and using different methods. The relationship between elicitation methods and ... -
Investigating the Association Between Sedative Hypnotic Prescription Exposures and Motor Vehicle Crashes
(2012-09-13)Background Motor vehicle crashes occur daily and may be fatal for the driver, passengers or bystanders. Crashes have been shown to be associated with certain medical conditions and exposure to prescription medications that ...