Browsing Pharmaceutics by Title
Now showing items 37-56 of 60
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Mathematical Models to Evaluate the Clinical and Economic Impact of Biomedical HIV Prevention Strategies in the United States
As the marginal clinical impact returns on innovations to treat and prevent HIV diminish, strategic investments are required for timely and efficient HIV eradication. The overall goal of this dissertation research is to ... -
Metabolic and inhibitory differences between cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5
(2001)Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 3A5 constitute the dominant drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and small intestine, and the content and activity of these enzymes is widely variable. Accurate knowledge of in vivo CYP3A ... -
Migraine-specific health resource utilization in chronic and episodic migraine across six countries
(2012-09-13)Background: Though studies have consistently revealed variation in resource utilization between chronic and episodic migraineurs, less is known about how these differences compare across countries. This research describes ... -
Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Hepatocytes
Primary human hepatocytes are commonly used to evaluate liver drug metabolism and toxicity. Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes (SCDHs) have the potential to overcome access and function-related limitations associated ... -
Of Mice and Women: Understanding Pregnancy-Induced Changes in Glyburide PK/PD for the Improved Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Pregnancy-induced changes in drug PK is explained by changes in physiology and expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters. We determined mRNA expression of enzymes and transporters in the maternal liver, kidney, small ... -
Pharmacokinetics and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Xenobiotic Disposition in Special Populations
Due to the alteration of the physiological functions, the disposition of xenobiotics is often changed under disease conditions and during pregnancy compared with the healthy status. Under disease conditions including chronic ... -
Predicting Drug Disposition during Pregnancy through Modeling and Simulation
(2013-07-23)Physiological and ADME changes during pregnancy can significantly affect drug pharmacokinetics and may necessitate dose adjustment. Since it is logistically impossible to delineate the changes in PK of all drugs administered ... -
Predicting maternal-fetal cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation
Maternal marijuana (cannabis) use during pregnancy is associated with reduced fetal growth and subtle but persistent neurodevelopmental effects. It is not possible to establish the independent risk associated with maternal ... -
Predicting Maternal-Fetal Disposition of Drugs Using In Vitro and In Silico Tools
During pregnancy, physiological and ADMET changes in the maternal-fetal dyad can significantly alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK) in the mother and may necessitate dosing regimen adjustments. One clinically important example ... -
Prediction of in vivo metabolite disposition and complex metabolite-dependent drug-drug interactions
(2013-07-25)Metabolites can have pharmacological or toxicological effects, inhibit metabolic enzymes and be used as probes of drug-drug interactions or specific cytochrome P450 phenotypes. Thus better understanding and prediction ... -
The Relative Importance of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 in Mediating Retinoid Homeostasis: Studies on the Formation, Elimination and Biological Activity of All-trans-Retinoic Acid Metabolites
(2013-07-25)All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of Vitamin A (retinol), is an essential nutrient during both fetal development and adult life. The concentration of atRA within a cell is tightly regulated by the ... -
Renal Drug Transporters – Clinical Significance and Role in Drug-Drug Interactions
Drug transporters play an important role in drug disposition and can be major determinants of drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity. In contrast to drug metabolizing enzymes, which mainly concentrate in the ... -
Renal Tubular Transport of Drugs in Healthy and Diseased Kidney
In this thesis work, I applied traditional and innovative bioengineering approaches to develop an in vitro model of renal proximal tubule with human proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) that is particularly suited for ... -
The role of drug-lipid interactions in biodistribution and therapeutic effects for drugs incorporated into liposomes
(1999)While a number of drugs formulated in liposomes or lipid vesicles are approved for human use, many are formulated empirically, without a full or complete understanding the role of drug-lipid interactions. Hence, the primary ... -
The Role of Organic Cation Transporter 3 in Metformin Disposition during Pregnancy
(2014-02-24)Metformin, a front line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recently introduced as an alternative therapy for insulin in treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Despite clinical enthusiasm for the drug, there ... -
Screening for MicroRNA Regulators of an Orphan Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2)
(2012-09-13)Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2) is a gene linked to the ocular disease Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD). Sequence analysis of CYP4V2 in BCD patients identified potentially disruptive exonic and intronic mutations. Patients ... -
The identification and characterization of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with systemic polymyxins in the management of severe gram-negative infections
Background The global rise in antibiotic resistance has led to an increased need for effective antimicrobial treatments. Polymyxins have re-emerged in recent years due to their strong antimicrobial activity against resistant ... -
The Real Option Value of Life And Innovation
Background: Recent developments in healthcare value assessments have expanded the definition of value for medical technologies. The option value of a life-extending treatment is the opportunity of benefiting from future ... -
The Role of CS1 Fibronectin in HIV-1 Infection of α4β7+ T Lymphocytes
A hallmark of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis is the profound depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and persistent immune dysfunction at mucosal sites. It ...