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Now showing items 11-20 of 53
The Impact of CYP3A5 Variation and Pregnancy on the Metabolic Disposition of Calcineurin Inhibitors
(2013-02-25)
The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) — cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus remain the backbone of immunosuppression therapy for most organ transplant patients despite their serious side effects, such as chronic calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CNIT). CNIs are substrates for CYP3As and P-glycoprotein. Genetic and environmental ...
Assessing the Impact of Health Economics and Outcomes Research Evidence on Reimbursement Decisions in the United States
Objectives: Health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) is a growing field that has gained substantial momentum in recent decades. While studies establishing a product's safety and efficacy have a well-understood role in drug development and commercialization processes, the impact of HEOR in the U.S. is less clear. We ...
Assessing the burden of worsening self-reported vision in older Americans using the Health and Retirement Study
Background Visual disorders are estimated to affect about 3.6% of Americans by 2020. Vision impairment has a substantial impact on individuals functionally. Vision impairment is associated with many comorbidities, functional limitations, as well as higher caregiving needs. This study aims to assess the transition to self-reported ...
Screening for MicroRNA Regulators of an Orphan Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2)
(2012-09-13)
Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2) is a gene linked to the ocular disease Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD). Sequence analysis of CYP4V2 in BCD patients identified potentially disruptive exonic and intronic mutations. Patients with BCD have characteristic crystalline deposits in the cornea and retina, retinal pigmented epithelium ...
Adverse Events Associated with Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
(2012-09-13)
<bold>Background</bold>: The safety of bevacizumab in older metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients is not well understood. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence of treatment–associated adverse events (AEs), to describe patterns of bevacizumab use in patients with preexisting comorbidities, and ...
Predicting Maternal-Fetal Disposition of Drugs Using In Vitro and In Silico Tools
During pregnancy, physiological and ADMET changes in the maternal-fetal dyad can significantly alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK) in the mother and may necessitate dosing regimen adjustments. One clinically important example is CYP3A. Its activity increases by ~2-fold during the third trimester (T3) as shown by 1’-hydroxymidaozlam ...
Pharmacokinetics and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Xenobiotic Disposition in Special Populations
Due to the alteration of the physiological functions, the disposition of xenobiotics is often changed under disease conditions and during pregnancy compared with the healthy status. Under disease conditions including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer, altered physiological functions including changes in liver and kidney ...
Elucidating Mechanisms for Drug Combination Nanoparticles to Enhance and Prolong Lymphatic Exposure: Experimental and Modeling Approaches
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and metastatic cancers impact over 50 million people worldwide. Because HIV and metastatic cancers exploit the lymphatics to persist and spread, enhanced and prolonged lymphatic exposure to drug combinations is essential for treating these diseases. Unfortunately, many oral and ...
The Role of CS1 Fibronectin in HIV-1 Infection of α4β7+ T Lymphocytes
A hallmark of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis is the profound depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and persistent immune dysfunction at mucosal sites. It has been demonstrated that gut-homing CD4+ T cells expressing the α4β7 integrin are preferentially targeted ...