Advanced x-ray spectroscopies interrogate a material’s electronic structure in an element-specific manner. Traditionally, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) studies are performed at synchrotron X-ray light sources. These facilities serve to push the forefront of science and, thus, ...

Tender x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a powerful, element-specific, atomically local probe of chemical and electronic structure. Taking advantage of advances in every component of spectrometer systems including crystal analyzers, color x-ray cameras, and bremsstrahlung x-ray tubes, I designed, built, and demonstrated ...