Browsing Physiology and biophysics by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 23
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New stimulators and a new mechanism of regulated secretion in pituitary gonadotropes
(1997)The major regulator of gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, LH; and follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) secretion is the peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It acts via a rise in intracellular Ca$\sp{2+}$ concentration ... -
Summation of AMPA-mediated EPSPs in rat neocortical pyramidal neurons
(1998)It has been hypothesized that voltage-sensitive conductances present on the dendrites of neurons can influence the summation of EPSPs and hence affect how neurons compile information. Greater than linear summation of EPSPs ... -
Astrocyte-axon interactions in central white matter energy metabolism: the roles of glycogen and lactate
(2000)The goal of this research was to investigate the role of astrocytic glycogen in central nervous system (CNS) white matter (WM) metabolism. Experiments were designed to test two hypotheses: (1) Metabolites other than glucose ... -
Metabotropic pathways involved in the generation of an afterdepolarization in layer V pyramidal neurons
(2000)A previous study from our laboratory found that evoked spikes were followed by a long lasting afterdepolarization (ADP) in neocortical pyramidal neurons when metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists were present ... -
Spatial distribution of ventilation and perfusion in the lateral decubitus posture
(2001)Pulmonary blood flow distribution is affected by many factors, including gravity, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), lung volume and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In the lateral posture, the effects of ... -
Galanin-like peptide: a molecular link between energy homeostasis and reproduction
(2004)Galanin-like peptide (GALP) shares partial sequence identity with galanin and exhibits agonistic activity at galanin receptors (GALR1 and GALR2) in vitro. GALP neurons almost exclusively reside within the arcuate nucleus, ... -
Signaling mechanisms of mouse sperm capacitation
(2006)Although successful meeting of sperm and egg is vital for continuation of life, critical gaps exist in our understanding of fertilization and events that prepare sperm for it. Understanding how sperm prepare for fertilization ... -
Analyses of alpha-dystrobrevin-null mice implicate Niemann-Pick C1 in muscular dystrophy
(2008)In skeletal muscle, the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC) links the intracellular actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and various other muscular dystrophies are caused ... -
A Reconstituted System for Studying Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments
(2012-09-10)Before physically dividing into two nascent daughter cells, a cell must first duplicate, organize and segregate its entire genome. During mitosis, chromosomes are aligned along an axis of symmetry and then pulled apart by ... -
The role of coupled gating of L-type calcium channels in arrhythmogenesis in Timothy syndrome (LQT8)
(2012-09-10)L-type Ca<super>2+</super> (Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2) channels shape the cardiac action potential waveform and are essential for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in the heart. We find that a transient subpopulation of 2 to ... -
A new view of the radial geometry in muscle: myofilament lattice spacing controls force production and energy storage.
(2012-09-10)Muscle is highly organized in both the axial direction and the radial direction, or the direction of contraction and the direction orthogonal to it. As muscle generates force, it does so in both the axial and radial ... -
The Interaction of Lingo-1 and Amyloid Precursor Protein
(2012-09-10)Proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), the main component of cortical and subcortical plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP can be processed at the cell surface or ... -
Cortical surface recurrent brain-computer interfaces
(2013-11-14)The output of a "traditional" brain computer-interface (BCI) is the operation of an effector mechanism, like a cursor or a prosthetic arm. In contrast, the output of a recurrent brain-computer interface (rBCI) is electrical ... -
Three lenses into the cardiac dyad: calcium signaling, microtubule trafficking, and junctional sarcoplasmic reticular mobility
The cardiac dyad, the intersection between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma in cardiac myocytes, is critically important for cellular contraction and function. It is the hub of calcium signaling where ryanodine ... -
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and connectivity in primate sensorimotor cortex
Specific connectivity between populations of neurons gives rise to network function. The plasticity of these connections allows for network learning and adaptation. While much work has explored plasticity and underlying ... -
Protein kinase C bidirectionally modulates Ih and HCN1 surface expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels attenuate excitability in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Loss of HCN channel-mediated current (Ih), particularly that mediated by the HCN1 isoform, ... -
GABA-B receptors regulate extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors
Classically, GABAB receptors regulate neurotransmission primarily through presynaptic mechanisms that inhibit neurotransmitter release, and thus inhibit GABAA receptor function. Many studies have shown that postsynaptic ... -
The limits imposed in primate vision by transduction in cone photoreceptors
Experientially, our ability to visually perceive the world seems extraordinary, yet we keep asking ourselves: "could perception be better?" This dissertation centers around this question, exploring how the biophysics of ... -
Operant conditioning of cortical cell and muscle response patterns
<bold>Part I:</bold> In primates, corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells have sufficiently strong synaptic linkages to motoneurons to mediate post-spike facilitation in spike-triggered averages of muscle activity. We investigated ... -
Effects of clinically-relevant electrical stimulation of macaque sensorimotor cortex on neural activity and behavior
Electrical stimulation is a popular technique for neuromodulation in research, but the scope of approved therapeutic devices is extremely limited. For conditions where direct stimulation of the cortex may alleviate symptoms, ...