Browsing Psychology by Title
Now showing items 57-76 of 180
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Early characteristics of young siblings of children with autism
(2007)Background. Studies are needed to better understand the broad autism phenotype in young siblings of children with autism, and to identify areas of impairment, so that interventions can begin at as young an age as possible. ... -
Early Communicaiton Development in Infants at High and Low Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Examination of Communication Spontaneity
(2014-02-24)Social communication impairment is one of the key diagnostic features of ASD, with communication deficits being the earliest symptom reported by most parents of children with ASD (Filipek et al., 1999; Landa & Garrett-Meyer, ... -
The Early Start Denver Model: Outcomes and Moderators of an Intervention for Toddlers with Autism
(2013-11-14)Effective treatment for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires identification and development of effective treatments that address the unique needs of toddlers with ASD as young as 18 months old. The ... -
The effect of high-level image structure in early human visual cortex
(2013-04-17)A commonly held view about neurons in early visual cortex is that they serve as localized filters. Here, however, we demonstrate that the responses of neurons in early visual cortex are sensitive to perceptual grouping ... -
Effective perceptual and cognitive functioning in a noisy world: Computing summaries and identifying randomness
The world around us contains a vast amount of information, but this information is contaminated by a similarly vast amount of noise. It is the job of human perception and cognition to promote effective functioning by ... -
Effects of a Pretreatment Brief Motivational Intervention on Treatment Engagement in CBT-based and Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention
(2013-11-14)Treatment for substance use disorders has been shown to be effective for the individual and to reduce costs to society. The effectiveness of these approaches, however, is substantially hampered by poor treatment engagement. ... -
Effects of attention on physiological responses in human visual cortex
(2014-02-24)Behavioral performance often suffers when attention is divided across multiple visual items. These results are supported by fMRI experiments showing reduced responses during divided attention, relative to focused attention, ... -
Effects of attention without perceptual awareness on motor responses, memory and behavior
(2012-08-10)Our everyday visual experience is strongly affected by attention. Visual attention can enhance or prioritize the processing of specific stimuli over the overwhelming number of other sensory inputs by selecting spatial ... -
Emotion Regulation in Adults with a History of Childhood Abuse Following PTSD Treatment
(2012-09-13)<bold><italic>Objective:<bold><italic> The findings that adults with a history of childhood abuse (CA) have greater emotion regulation difficulties than adult trauma survivors without a history of CA (e.g., Cloitre, ... -
Encoding and decoding models of functional MRI responses in human visual and auditory cortex.
Computational models of brain activity serve to not only uncover the organizational principles of the brain, but also quantify the neural processes underlying our perceptual experiences. This dissertation investigates the ... -
Ethnic differences in alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking patterns
(1989)The beliefs and attitudes about the effect of alcohol consumption upon behavior were compared using self-report measures of alcohol outcome expectancy, attitude toward drinking, and level of drinking habit within four ... -
Ethobehavioral Studies of Fear, Sex, and Biological Rhythms
All animals, to varying degrees, must make decisions regarding when and how to balance the need to acquire resources (“foraging”) and the need to avoid threats (“avoidance”). The neurobiological and psychological processes ... -
Evaluating smoking attitudes in response to different types of anti-smoking messages using a Highly Repeated Within-Person Design
Counter-marketing of tobacco use is an important component of preventing tobacco initiation and encouraging quitting among current smokers, and has contributed to overall reduction of smoking prevalence. However, further ... -
Event-Related Potential Additivity as an Index of Overlap in Neurocognitive Resources.
(2013-07-25)Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) are poorly suited for source analysis. Consequently, it is difficult to assess the relative neural independence of two ERP waveforms using such methods. We report here an ... -
An Examination of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Simplex and Multiplex Families
(2013-02-25)Non-inherited genetic mutations are more prevalent in families with only one individual diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; simplex) whereas inherited genetic risk factors may play a greater role in families with ... -
Examining barriers and facilitators to professional mental health help-seeking in Asian American youth
(2006)The purpose of the present study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of help-seeking in Asian American youth. The current study examined three major types of categories that impact whether an Asian American youth ... -
Examining the Interplay of Vagal Tone and Parenting as Predictors of Child Psychopathology
(2013-02-25)Emotion dysregulation is a critical factor in the development of psychopathology (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995), and deficits in emotion regulation are a core component of many psychiatric disorders (DelCarmen-Wiggins, ... -
Executive function and social problem-solving in maltreated and non-maltreated preschool children
(1997)This study examined the early relationship between executive functioning (EF) and social problem-solving (SPS) skills and their influence on behavioral adjustment by comparing the performance of maltreated and non-maltreated ... -
The experience of stress in air travel situations: development of the air travel stress scale
(2003)Despite the ubiquity of air travel and anecdotal evidence suggesting that air travel is personally demanding, little is known about the psychological stress of taking an airplane flight. To address this issue, a series of ... -
Experiential, Neural, and Cognitive Influences on Decision Making in Rats
(2013-02-25)All animals have specific mechanisms in place to guide the numerous decisions they face daily. The act of deciding among possible behaviors is a process that involves learning about the relationships between actions and ...