Ice on the Oceans of Snowball Earth Project
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The spectral albedo of sea ice and salt crusts on the tropical ocean of Snowball Earth: II. Optical modeling
(Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016)During the Snowball Earth events of the Neoproterozoic, tropical regions of the ocean could have developed a precipitated salt lag deposit left behind by sublimating sea ice. The major salt would have been hydrohalite, ... -
Hydrohalite in cold sea ice: Laboratory observations of single crystals, surface accumulations, and migration rates under a temperature gradient, with application to “Snowball Earth"
(Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009)When NaCl precipitates out of a saturated solution, it forms anhydrous crystals of halite at temperatures above +0.11?C, but at temperatures below this threshold it instead precipitates as the dihydrate ‘‘hydrohalite,’’ ... -
“Albedo dome”: a method for measuring spectral flux-reflectance in a laboratory for media with long optical paths
(Applied Optics, 2015)A method is presented for accurate measurement of spectral flux-reflectance (albedo) in a laboratory, for media with long optical path lengths, such as snow and ice. The approach uses an acrylic hemispheric dome, which, ... -
Refugium for surface life on Snowball Earth in a nearly enclosed sea? A numerical solution for sea-glacier invation through a narrow strait
(Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2014)Abstract Where photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms survived during the Snowball Earth events of the Neoproterozoic remains unclear. Our previous research tested whether a narrow arm of the ocean, similar to the modern ... -
Effects of bubbles, cracks, and volcanic tephra on the spectral albedo of bare ice near the Transantarctic Mountains: Implications for sea glaciers on Snowball Earth
(Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2013)Spectral albedo was measured along a 6 km transect near the Allan Hills in East Antarctica. The transect traversed the sequence from new snow through old snow, firn, and white ice, to blue ice, showing a systematic progression ...