A Mixed Method Pilot Evaluation of the Cultural Adaptation of RUBI Parent Training with Chinese American Families

Abstract

Chinese immigrant families of autistic children in the U.S. face persistent disparities in accessing culturally and linguistically appropriate behavioral interventions. Despite strong empirical support for the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention (RUBI) Parent Training program, it has not been adapted for Chinese-speaking populations. This two-part study addressed this gap through cultural adaptation and pilot evaluation of RUBI for Chinese immigrant caregivers of autistic children with behavioral concerns. Study 1 developed a culturally adapted RUBI parent workbook using Bernal et al.'s (1995) Ecological Validity and Cultural Sensitivity Framework, with a focus group identifying linguistic and conceptual modifications across its dimensions. Study 2 evaluated a pilot implementation using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, examining session-level acceptability, changes in child behavior severity, and the relationship between community ASD stigma and behavior outcomes. Postintervention interviews explored caregivers' experiences, including cultural fit, impact, and barriers. This study produced the first culturally adapted RUBI parent workbook for Chinese-speaking caregivers in the US, offering preliminary evidence of its feasibility, acceptability, and cultural relevance to inform future effectiveness trials.