Topological Quantum Computing with Majorana Zero Mode Qubits: Theory and State of the Art

Abstract

Topological Quantum Computing (TQC) has been proposed as a strong candidate for universal quantum computation, due to its inherent capability for fault-tolerance in the form of error detection and correction, and robustness against decoherence. Specifically, over the last decade significant investment has been directed toward research into materials that support Majorana Zero Mode (MZM) states for use as qubits, and the logic gates that allow them to be fused and braided together to encode data and allow them to evolve in quantum calculations. This capstone project first reviews the basics of Quantum Computation (QC), then explains the Physics of TQC, developing the theory conceptually with minimal recourse to mathematical calculation. Next, this understanding is applied to Majorana qubits specficially. Finally, the contemporary literature of MZM materials and gates is reviewed, along with near-term next steps toward realization.