The Culture behind Referral: A Qualitative Exploration of the Facilitators and Inhibitors to Male HIV Testing in the Haitian Context

Abstract

In Haiti, roughly 54% of men who are HIV positive do not know their status, and heterosexual intercourse remains the predominant mode of HIV transmission. Knowledge of the sociocultural factors that influence men’s willingness to get tested for HIV remains incomplete. Using the socioecological model as a guide, this study explored the factors influencing the promotion, desirability, and accessibility of HIV testing among men in Haiti. Nine focus group discussions with 87 participants were used to determine the facilitators, inhibitors and accepted methods for promoting HIV testing for heterosexual men. The results revealed that stigma from the community, self-image, the spousal relationship, and delayed care seeking in the Haitian context contribute to detection and linkage to care. Results also reveal that Couples HIV Testing and Counseling (CHTC) may be the most acceptable method of referral for men in this context. Future interventions should work to address these factors and delve further into CHTC.