Evaluating Arctic State Implementation of Ecosystem-Based Management Recommendations Supported by the Arctic Council: Canada, Norway, and the US

Abstract

The Arctic is a dynamic environment with growing global attention stimulated by a changing climate. Because the Arctic Ocean remains a common pool resource, the need for an ecosystem approach to oceans management (EBM) is widely acknowledged on the international level. In 2009 a report supported by the Arctic Council titled, Best Practices in Ecosystems Based Oceans Management, provided recommendations for EBM implementation. This research project consists of a cross-case comparative analysis of Canada, Norway, and the United States and their efforts to implement EBM in the Arctic ecosystem while incorporating the recommendations into their domestic policies. By utilizing document analysis and a series of interviews, I find significant differences in both the commitment of best practices and level of implementation between the countries. Barriers, opportunities, and future actions are also identified and discussed in an effort to promote further implementation of EBM research among both Arctic and non-Arctic states.