Development of a Lightning Strike Simulator with In-Situ Loading

Abstract

In recent decades, the use of composite materials in the aerospace industry has significantly increased, mainly due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. However, these materials have inherently low electrical conductivity, necessitating the inclusion of lightning strike protection systems (LSPs) that compromise their weight-saving benefits. A commercial aircraft is likely to experience 1-2 lightning strikes annually. Without adequate protection systems, this can lead to significant damage, including delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber breakage, potentially resulting in strength degradation and even catastrophic structural failure. In accordance with current standards, the tests are conducted without applying mechanical loads to the specimen; therefore, they do not account for the influence of in-flight stress. This creates a significant knowledge gap, as the damage characteristics of a specimen under load may differ considerably from those of an unloaded specimen. To address this gap, this project aims to design and develop an artificial lightning strike simulator with in-situ loading, allowing for a more realistic assessment of damage mechanisms. The insights gained may also prompt an urgent reassessment of existing certification and regulatory standards, ultimately contributing to safer and more efficient operations.