Taming and Tapping the Bikeshare Explosion: A Review of shared micro-mobility laws

Abstract

This project analyzed the various laws pertaining to shared micro-mobility systems, such as bike-share and scooter-share. In order to examine the relevant laws in all 50 states, the research team developed a list of questions related to sharing platforms. Data were collected in nine categories—Definitions, Age Restrictions, Safety Equipment, Licensing Requirements, Where to Ride, Riding Under the Influence, Insurance Requirements, Sidewalk Clutter, and Shared Micro-Mobility Regulations—and were recorded in a searchable database that could be made available for cities, researchers, service providers, and the general public. The study uncovered many inconsistencies among micro-mobility laws across the country. Currently, many states lack clear definitions for these emerging forms of transportation, which don’t otherwise fit neatly into the categories contemplated by existing law. In turn, users are left confused as to the law, and this may discourage them from riding. A number of states are attempting to remedy inconsistencies and legislative silence by proposing and passing laws that regulate the use of e-bikes and e-scooters, but even these efforts are unlikely to achieve the consistency that is needed. Federal authorities should act to create uniform laws and work with states to adopt them; otherwise, the lack of a legal infrastructure may threaten to stifle the innovation and undermine the promised returns of shared micro-mobility systems.