A Community Analysis of the Experiences and Perceptions of Air Pollution Among the Somali Community of SeaTac-Tukwila, Washington

Abstract

Air pollution poses a major threat to public health worldwide, with both ambient and indoor sources contributing to millions of premature deaths annually. Despite growing research on air pollution exposure and related health outcomes, limited attention has been given to the lived experiences of immigrant populations disproportionately affected by environmental inequities in the United States. This study explores the perceptions and experiences of air pollution exposure among Somali communities residing or working in the SeaTac–Tukwila area of South King County, Washington. These areas are located near major pollution sources, including the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and Interstate 5 (I-5). Using an exploratory design, this study obtained primary data from semi-structured interviews with staff members at the Somali Health Board (SHB), a Seattle-based nonprofit organization that works to address health disparities in the Somali community. Participants lived, worked, or frequently spent time in the area for at least two consecutive years between 1995 and 2025. Interviews explored participants’ experiences with air quality and pollution exposure, including perceived health impacts and concerns, protective measures and recommendations, and effects on daily life and community, while also examining the role of housing, neighborhood, the built environment, and socioeconomic status. A brief mapping activity was performed at the end of all interviews to collect geographic context on perceived sources of air pollution. Interviews were recorded and transcribed to perform thematic analysis and identify emerging themes. Findings provided insight into how air pollution is understood and experienced by this community, illuminating social and political determinants influencing exposure disparities, and informing community-based efforts to raise awareness and advocate for environmental health equity. This study addresses gaps in research on community-level experiences of air pollution, perceived barriers to mitigation, and efficacy vs. real world feasibility of recommendations while potentially raising awareness of the perspectives of a historically underserved community.