The Impacts of Climate Change on Bowhead Whale Access and Adaptive Strategies in Kivalina, Alaska

Abstract

This study examines the effects of climate change on bowhead whale hunting and community responses in Kivalina, Alaska, an Iñupiaq community in Northwestern Alaska. Thinning shorefast ice and altered whale migration patterns have disrupted traditional hunting practices. Using access theory and collective continuance, the study explores how hunters navigate barriers to physical, financial, and informational access. Interviews reveal that thinning ice and unpredictable leads hinder physical access, while rising equipment costs necessitate communal resource-sharing to mitigate financial burdens. The need for real-time environmental data is critical for safe hunting. Adaptation strategies include shifting hunting locations north and leveraging inter-community networks. Key needs identified are larger boats with powerful motors, enhanced safety equipment, and improved sea ice lead forecasting and real-time data. Recommendations advocate integrating Kivalina into larger observing networks like the Alaska Arctic Observatory (AAOKH) and securing grants to support adaptations. This research highlights the importance of community-driven, localized strategies to sustain traditional practices and enhance resilience amid climate change.