Improving social connectedness programming for underserved older adults: a mixed methods evaluation of PEARLS

Abstract

Older adults are at an increased risk for social isolation and loneliness, both concerning public health issues that can lead to poor physical health, late onset depression and early death. Interventions that offer support and tools to alleviate social isolation and loneliness can improve social connectedness among older adults. Recent research has shown that PEARLS, an intervention originally designed to alleviate depression in vulnerable older adults, also helps improve social connectedness. This mixed methods evaluation explores, from the provider perspective, how and why PEARLS works to improve social connectedness. Results identify multiple components and mechanisms to improving social connectedness, pandemic and non-pandemic adaptations, and outside factors to the success and challenges of implementing the program. The program was found to have multiple components to its success, including its use of theory-driven techniques, co-personalized approach, and a focus on improving access to resources. Main mechanisms to social connectedness were that the program enhanced social support and increased opportunities for social interaction. Many providers faced challenges implementing the program, including issues of technology comfort and reformatting program structure to adapt to client specific needs, and ultimately developed adaptations to better implement PEARLS and suit the organization and older adults. Further evaluation is needed to understand how PEARLS program worked among diverse populations and hard-to-reach clients.