Uncovering Adverse Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Events: A Descriptive Study Among Approved Consultants

Abstract

Background: There is scant research into adverse Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) events or how Shapiro’s EMDR protocol is being applied by practitioners. Aim: The objectives of this study were to: describe adverse events following EMDR that were reported to EMDR International Association (EMDRIA) Approved Consultants by EMDRIA approved EMDR therapy trained practitioners; to report which adverse EMDR event the consultants' thought was the most destabilizing; and to determine whether consultants believe there was insufficient application of Shapiro's EMDR protocol. Method: This descriptive study used a 12-item survey. Results: A total of 55 surveys were collected and 34 surveys met criteria for analysis. While participants reported most EMDR consultations were unrelated to adverse EMDR events, 82% (n=27) described at least one adverse EMDR event reported to them in the past 18 months. The main adverse EMDR events identified were: increased emotional dysregulation (n=14); “flooding” (n=13); distressing or intrusive memories (n=10); emotional numbing (n=9); spontaneous trance or “zoning out” (n=8); and unplanned/unanticipated abreactions (n=7). 21% (n=7) identified no adverse EMDR events reported to them during consultation. 79% (n=23) reported that up to 81% of the adverse EMDR events reported to them were due, at least in part, to consultees’ inadequate use of Shapiro’s EMDR protocol Phase 1, and 76% (n=22) reported the adverse event was, in part, related to inadequate application of Phase 2. Conclusions: This study identified that adverse EMDR events do occur and suggests they may be associated with insufficient application of Shapiro’s EMDR protocol Phase 1 and 2. Adverse EMDR effects must be closely scrutinized using both qualitative and quantitative methods and thoroughly reported from both client and practitioner perspectives. Studies also need to examine the impact of deviations in treatment fidelity from Shapiro’s 8 phase EMDR protocol on outcomes and client experiences.