Resilient Destination Cities: Climate Migrant Resettlement in Mongla, Bangladesh

Abstract

Climate-related migration is a growing global phenomenon, and it has significant implications for building urban resilience. Bangladesh, particularly its coastal regions like the Sundarbans, experiences high levels of migration due to natural hazards and slow-onset effects of climate change. As a result of insufficient infrastructure and inequitable resource access in large cities, regional cities have received growing focus as potential alternative destinations which also offer higher livelihood security, a primary pull factor for migrants. Despite extensive research on the origins of climate migrants, there is limited understanding of the conditions in destination cities. This study investigates Mongla, a port city in Bangladesh, as a potential destination for climate migrants, focusing on migrants' livelihoods, water access, and overall satisfaction. Using semi-structured interviews with 21 flood-induced and non-flood-induced migrants, NGO officials, and the mayor of Mongla, this research evaluates the city's alignment with the Climate-Resilient Migrant-Friendly Towns (CRMFT) framework. The findings reveal that labor opportunities are a significant pull factor for migrants, directly influencing food security. However, Mongla faces challenges, particularly in water security and infrastructure, which could hinder its ability to serve as a model for climate-resilient cities. The study highlights the need for improved infrastructure and services to ensure the long-term viability and livability of Mongla as a destination for climate migrants. Future planning must incorporate the migrants' voices and needs to effectively support their resettlement and integration.