Department of Oceanography Faculty Papers and Research

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://digital.lib.washington.edu/handle/1773/15546

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    Field data from tripods and light mounts deployed at the mouth of the Elwha River, 2016-2018
    (Estuaries and Coasts, 2019) Ogston, Andrea; Glover, Hannah
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    Sediment Dynamics and morphology data from Meinmahla Island, Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar
    (2022) Glover, Hannah; Ogston, Andrea S.
    Vegetated mid-channel islands play an important though poorly understood role in the sediment dynamics and morphology of tide-dominated deltas. Meinmahla Island is a mangrove-forest preserve at the mouth of the Bogale distributary, in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. In this relatively unaltered environment, sediment dynamics can be directly connected to morphology. Field measurements of morphology, hydro- and sediment-dynamics from 2017–2019 provide insight into the fundamental processes governing the evolution of this mid-distributary island. Water depth, salinity, and turbidity were monitored semi-continuously, and velocity profilers with turbidity and salinity sensors were deployed seasonally in low-connectivity (dead-end) and high-connectivity (flow-through) tidal channels of the island. The morphologic evolution was evaluated using grain size, 210Pb geochronology in 1-m-long cores, remote sensing, and surveys of channel networks.
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    Direct Observations of the Role of Lateral Advection of Sea Ice Meltwater in the Onset of Autumn Freeze Up
    (2021-07-12) Crews, Laura; Lee, Craig M; Rainville, Luc; Thomson, Jim
    In seasonally ice-free parts of the Arctic Ocean, autumn is characterized by heat loss from the upper ocean to the atmosphere and the onset of freeze up, in which first year sea ice begins to grow in open water areas. The timing of freeze up can be highly spatially variable, complicating efforts to provide accurate sea ice forecasting for marine operations. While melt season anomalies can be used to predict freeze up anomalies in some parts of the Arctic, this one-dimensional view merits further examination in light of recent work demonstrating the importance of three-dimensional flows in setting mixed layer properties in marginal ice zones. In this study we show that horizontal advection of sea ice meltwater hastens freeze up in areas distant from the ice edge. We use nearly 800 temperature and salinity profiles along with satellite imagery collected in the central Beaufort Sea in autumn 2018 to document the roughly 100 km advection of a cold and fresh surface meltwater layer over several weeks. After the meltwater arrived, the mixed layer was cooler and shallower than the mixed layer in adjacent areas unaffected by the meltwater. The cooler and shallower meltwater-influenced mixed layer promoted earlier ice formation. Within the meltwater-affected area, advection was nearly as important as heat loss to the atmosphere for seasonally-integrated mixed layer heat loss.
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    Observations and modeling of the impacts of mangrove extent on hydrodynamics and sediment transport in Waikaraka Estuary, New Zealand
    (2021) Glover, Hannah; Ogston, Andrea S; Stokes, Debra; Bryan, Karin; Pilditch, Conrad
    Mangroves are often referred to as ecosystem engineers because of their influence on estuarine sediment dynamics and morphology. Yet, mangrove may also respond passively to morphologic change, and the impacts of mangrove extent on sediment- and hydro-dynamic are still poorly understood. A field study was conducted in Waikaraka Estuary, Tauranga Harbor, New Zealand, to investigate the impact of mangrove coverage on estuarine sediment dynamics. Mangroves expanded in the estuary from 1940 until a removal program began in 2005 with the goal of flushing fine sediment out of the estuary. Water velocity, wave height, and turbidity were measured in June 2019 along with sediment grain size. The bed sediment was predominantly sandy in the lower estuary and muddy in the upper estuary. Flow in the lower estuary was ebb dominant resulting in net sediment export, while flow in the upper estuary was weakly flood dominant resulting in sediment retention. A Delft3D numerical model calibrated with this in-situ data was used to further examine the impact of varying mangrove coverage on hydrodynamics. Tidal asymmetry, velocity skew, and peak ebb-tide shear stress were not significantly altered by varying the mangrove extent between the 2005 maximum and complete removal. Therefore, mangroves were not a primary control on flow in this system; instead, the hydrodynamics and net sediment transport were controlled by bathymetric interactions with the tide. Fine sediment is unlikely to be flushed out of the upper estuary despite mangrove removal. When mangroves were expanded to cover all intertidal areas, the water velocity on the intertidal flats decreased while the peak ebb-tide velocity in the main channel increased. This indicates that fine-sediment export may actually decrease with mangrove removal. These results support recent findings that mangroves act as opportunistic colonizers not ecosystem engineers.
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    Pressure, barometer and acceleration data from a 30-month deployment of the Geodetic and Seismic Sensor Module in Monterey Bay from June 2017 to December 2019
    (2020-10) Wilcock, William S. D.; Manalang, Dana A.; Harrington, Michael J.
    Geodetic observations in the oceans are important for understanding plate tectonics, earthquake cycles and volcanic processes. One approach to seafloor geodesy is the use of quartz crystal seafloor pressure gauges to sense vertical changes in the elevation of the seafloor after correcting for variations in the weight of the overlying oceans and atmosphere. The primary observational challenge of using pressure gauges is the tendency for the sensors to drift. The A-0-A method is a new approach for correcting drift. A value is used to periodically switch for a short time the measured pressure from the external ocean to the inside of the instrument housing at atmospheric pressure. The internal pressure reading is compared to an accurate barometer to measure the drift which is assumed to be the same at low and high pressures. This data set comprises pressure, barometer and accelerometer data from a 30-month test of the A-0-A method at 900 m depth on the MARS cabled observatory in Monterey Bay using an instrument that includes two A-0-A calibrated pressure gauges and a barometer manufactured by Paroscientific, Inc., and a three-component accelerometer manufactured by Quartz Seismic Sensors. Inc.
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    Northeast Pacific Deep Circulation Atlas and Data
    (2020-07-16) Hautala, Susan L.; Miller, Una
    These files were created by Una Miller to accompany the paper "Hautala, S. (2018). The abyssal and deep circulation of the Northeast Pacific Basin. Progress in Oceanography 160: 68-82."
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    Supplemental Materials for "Abyssal Pathways and the Double Silica Maximum in the Northeast Pacific Basin"
    (2020-07-16) Hautala, Susan L.
    This is the electronic supplement submitted in connection with the paper "Hautala, S. L. and D. E. Hammond (2020). Abyssal Pathways and the Double Silica Maximum in the Northeast Pacific Basin. Geophysical Research Letters."
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    Sedimentary and hydrodynamic measurements in the Ayeyarwady River Delta from 2017-01-01 to 2019-10-31
    (2020-10-01) Ogston, Andrea S; Glover, Hannah; Nittrouer, Charles
    The data to be archived was collected for the project "Understanding sediment dynamics in the estuarine reach of the Ayeyarwady Delta", ONR Contract Number: N000141712350. It consists of in-situ hydrodynamic, meteorological, and geological measurements from the Pathein, Bogale, and Yangon distributaries of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar in 2017-2019. None of the data to be archived has been altered since collection.
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    Seaglider Surveys at Ocean Station Papa: Bin-Averaged Profiles, Currents, and Independent Oxygen Data
    (2018-04) Pelland, Noel Adolfson
    This archive consists of two netCDF data files, one comma-separated value data file, and a text metadata file. The data in this archive were collected as part of oceanographic surveys performed by autonomous Seaglider vehicles near Ocean Station Papa in the southern Gulf of Alaska during 2008-2010. These were collected by the Eriksen Seaglider research group at the University of Washington in an effort to study upper-ocean flows and temperature, salinity, and oxygen balances at this location. Data in this archive consist of smoothed vertical profiles of ocean properties collected by Seagliders, estimates of currents in the top 1000 m of the ocean, and oxygen data collected independently from ships at Ocean Station Papa. The collection and analyses of these data were supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0628663 and OCE-1129090. The supporting metadata file, 'Metadata_SG_at_osp.txt,' gives a detailed overview, file and variable descriptions, and a list of references where these data have previously been published. The metadata also provides a link to a script that illustrates how to load, manipulate, and plot the data in MATLAB.
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    Elwha River Minitripod RBR Data
    (2018-04-03) Glover, Hannah
    Wave, temperature, salinity, turbidity data collected on a benthic tripod near the mouth of the Elwha River, WA in 2015-2017.
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    Elwha River coastal tripod time-series datasets (2013-2014), containing gravity-flow data from 9 Mar 2014
    (2017-12-19) Eidam, Emily; Ogston, Andrea
    This dataset consists of a Matlab data file, 'ElwhaGF20132014.mat', and a text metadata file, 'MetadataElwhaGF20132014.txt.' These data were collected by PIs Andrea Ogston and Chuck Nittrouer, graduate student Emily Eidam, and the UW Sediment Dynamics lab from November 2013 to April 2014 on the Elwha Delta. The data are time-series measurements from acoustic, optical, and peripheral sensors deployed on two bottom-boundary-layer tripod frames deployed at ~14 m and ~23 m water depth within 1 km of the Elwha River mouth. Measurements were collected as part of an ongoing effort to document sediment gravity flows generated during the removal of two hydroelectric dams from the river (a large-scale inter-agency restoration project conducted between 2011 and 2014). Data from prior instrument deployments were reported in Eidam et al., 2016 (see citation below); data from this deployment are reported in a new paper currently in prep (as of Dec 2017). These data were collected under NSF grant 0960788. The Matlab file is divided into structures by instrument. The supporting metadata file gives variable descriptions and units.
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    Exemplars of unique bowhead whales songs recorded in Fram Strait 2010-11, 2012-13, 2013-14
    (2017) Stafford, Kathleen M.
    Bowhead whales produce multiple unique songs annually. This dataset provides exemplars of each of 184 unique songs recorded over three winters in Fram Strait. In 2010-2011, 38 songs were identified; in 2012-13, 69 songs were identified and in 2013-14, 76 songs were identified.