Observing Vibrancy on the Seattle Waterfront: A New Approach to Evaluating Urban Waterfront Redevelopments

Abstract

This study evaluates the new Seattle Waterfront redevelopment project, specifically its new public spaces, using vibrancy as a metric and a public life study as the tool of measurement. Seattle’s new waterfront, constructed after the demolition of the Alaskan Way Viaduct freeway, is a recent example of waterfront redevelopments that have transformed urban waterfronts from industrial or transportation hubs to public spaces. While scholars have evaluated these new waterfront redevelopments in many ways, none have used the public life study and have considered the vibrancy generated on the waterfront. Additionally, as the waterfront project officially opened in October of 2025, no studies have yet evaluated the success of this project. Using works of public life scholars Jan Gehl and William Whyte as theoretical models, this study measured the percentage of people alone and in groups at the three public spaces–the Overlook Walk, Pier 62, Pier 58–built over the past decade, whether these spaces were vibrant, and the conditions that may affect vibrancy. The study found that these spaces are the most vibrant when it is sunny and temperatures are warmer, and are more vibrant at the end of the week and during weekends. This study has limitations, however.. The study was conducted during February and March, colder and wetter months in Seattle, and so are likely not representative of the vibrancy of these public spaces year-round. Additionally, vibrancy was recorded as a subjective measure by the researcher, meaning this warrants additional study. Despite these limitations, this study provides a baseline for future research and recommendations for how policymakers can increase the vibrancy of this new project.